Mangaki Amazinga Ezixhumanisi Ezishajayo Emhlabeni Wonke?

Ngokusobala, i-BEV iwumkhuba wemboni entsha yamandla ezenzakalelayo .Njengoba izinkinga zebhethri zingenakuxazululwa ngesikhathi esifushane , izindawo zokushaja zihlonyiswe kabanzi ukucacisa ukukhathazeka komnikazi wemoto ngokushaja .Ukushaja isixhumi njengezingxenye ezibalulekile zeziteshi zokushaja. ,kuhluka ngokwamazwe ,usevele ebhekene nesimo sokungqubuzana okuqondile. Lapha, singathanda ukuhlunga izindinganiso zesixhumi emhlabeni wonke.

Inhlanganisela

I-Combo ivumela ukushaja kancane futhi ngokushesha, iyisokhethi esetshenziswa kakhulu eYurophu, ehlanganisa i-Audi, i-BMW, i-Chrysler, i-Daimler, i-Ford, i-GM, i-Porsche, i-Volkswagen ifakwe isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja i-SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers).

Ngo-2^ndNgo-Okthoba, 2012, ukuguqulwa kwe-SAE J1772 okuvotelwa amalungu afanelekile ekomiti le-SAE, kuba ukuphela kwezinga elisemthethweni lokushaja i-DC emhlabeni. Ngokusekelwe kuhlelo olubuyekeziwe lwe-J1772, i-Combo Connector iyindinganiso eyinhloko yokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC.

Inguqulo yangaphambilini (eyakhiwe ngo-2010) yaleli zinga icacise ukucaciswa kwesixhumi se-J1772 esisetshenziselwa ukushaja kwe-AC. Lesi sixhumi sisetshenziswe kabanzi, sihambisana ne-Nissan Leaf, i-Chevrolet Volt ne-Mitsubishi i-MiEV. Nakuba inguqulo entsha, ngaphezu kokuba nayo yonke imisebenzi yangaphambili, enezikhonkwane ezimbili, ikakhulukazi ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, ayikwazi iyahambisana nama-BEV amadala akhiqizwa manje.

Inzuzo :inzuzo enkulu ye-Combo Connector i-automaker idinga kuphela i-adpat eyodwa isokhethi ekwazi kokubili i-DC ne-AC, ishaja ngesivinini ezimbili ezahlukene.

Ububi: Imodi yokushaja ngokushesha idinga isiteshi sokushaja ukuthi sinikeze kufika ku-500 V kanye no-200 A.

Tesla

I-Tesla inezinga layo lokushaja, elithi lingashaja ngaphezu kuka-300 KM ngemizuzu engama-30. Ngakho-ke, umthamo omkhulu wesokhethi yayo yokushaja ungafinyelela ku-120kW, kanye nomkhawulo wamanje ongu-80A.

I-Tesla ineziteshi zokushaja ezingama-908 e-US njengamanje. Ukungena emakethe yaseChina, Ineziteshi zokushaja ezingama-7sets Super ezitholakala eShanghai(3), Beijing(2), Hangzhou(1), Shenzhen(1). Ngaphandle kwalokho, Ukuze ihlanganiswe kangcono nezifunda, i-Tesla ihlela ukuyeka ukulawula izindinganiso zayo zokushaja futhi yamukele izindinganiso zendawo, isivele yenza e-China.

Inzuzo:ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obusebenza kahle kakhulu bokushaja.

Ububi: Ngokuphambene nezindinganiso zezwe ngalinye, kunzima ukukhulisa ukuthengisa ngaphandle kokuyekethisa;uma kuvumelana, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kuzoncishiswa.Basenkingeni.

I-CCS (Isistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe)

IFord, General Motors, Chrysler, Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen kanye nePorsche bethula i-"Combined Charging System" ngo-2012 ngomzamo wokushintsha amazinga adidayo amachweba wokushaja. "Isistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe" noma eyaziwa ngokuthi i-CCS.

I-CCS ihlanganise zonke izixhumanisi zokushaja zamanje, ngale ndlela, ingashaja ukushaja kwesigaba esisodwa se-ac, ukushaja okusheshayo kwezigaba ezi-3, ukushaja kwe-DC okusetshenziselwa indawo yokuhlala kanye nokushaja kwe-DC okushesha kakhulu ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esisodwa.

Ngaphandle kwe-SAE, i-ACEA (i-European Automobile Manufacturers Association) yamukele i-CCS njengesixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja se-DC/AC. Isetshenziselwa yonke i-PEV eYurophu kusukela ngonyaka we-2017.Njengoba iJalimane ne-China bahlanganisa izindinganiso zezimoto zikagesi, i-China ijoyine lolu hlelo futhi, inikeze amathuba angakaze abonwe e-Chinese EV. I-ZINORO 1E, Audi A3e-tron, BAIC E150EV, BMW i3, DENZA, Volkswagen E-UP, Changan EADO kanye ne-SMART konke kungokwezinga le-"CCS".

Inzuzo : Abakhiqizi bezimoto baseJalimane abangu-3 :BMW, Daimler neVolkswagen -- bazokhuphula utshalomali lwabo ku-Chinese EV, amazinga e-CCS angase abe yinzuzo e-China.

Ububi: ukuthengiswa kwe-EV esekelwa izinga le-CCS kuncane noma kuvele kungene emakethe.

CHAdeMO

I-CHAdeMO isifinyezo se-Charge de Move, iyisokhethi esekelwa ngabakwaNissan nabakwaMitsubishi. I-ChAdeMO ehunyushwe isuselwa ku-Japanese, incazelo ithi “Ukwenza isikhathi sokushaja sibe sifushane njengekhefu letiye”. Le sokhethi yokushaja okusheshayo ye-DC inganikeza umthamo omkhulu wokushaja ongu-50KW.

Ama-EV asekela leli zinga lokushaja ahlanganisa: Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander PEV, Citroen C-ZERO, Peugeot Ion, Citroen Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV truck, Honda FIT EV, Maz I-DEMIOEV, i-Subaru Stella PEV, i-Nissan Eev200 njll. Qaphela ukuthi i-Nissan Leaf ne-Mitsubishi i-MiEV zombili zinesokhethi yokushaja ehlukene, eyodwa iyi-J1772 eyisixhumi se-Combo engxenyeni yokuqala, enye i-CHAdeMO.

Indlela yokushaja ye-CHAdeMO iboniswa njengesithombe esingezansi, esamanje silawulwa isignali yebhasi ye-CAN. Okusho ukuthi, ngenkathi uqapha isimo sebhethri, ubale inani lamanje ishaja elidingayo ngesikhathi sangempela bese uthumela izaziso kushaja nge-CAN, ishaja ithola umyalo wamanje osuka emotweni ngokushesha, futhi inikeze imanje ukushaja ngokufanele.

Ngesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri, isimo sebhethri sigadwa kuyilapho ibhethri lilawulwa ngesikhathi sangempela, elifeza ngokugcwele imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze lishaje ngokushesha futhi liphephile, futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi ukushajwa akukhawulelwe ukusebenzisa ibhethri ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Kuneziteshi zokushaja eziyi-1154 ezizosetshenziswa ezifakwe ngokusho kwe-CHAdeMO yaseJapan. Iziteshi zokushaja ze-CHAdeMO zisetshenziswa kabanzi e-US futhi, kuneziteshi zokushaja ezisheshayo eziyi-1344 AC ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva evela eMnyangweni Wezamandla wase-US.

Inzuzo: Ngaphandle kwemigqa yokulawula idatha, i-CHAdeMO isebenzisa ibhasi le-CAN njengesixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana, ngenxa yekhono layo eliphakeme lokulwa nomsindo nekhono eliphezulu lokuthola amaphutha, iwukuxhumana okuzinzile nokwethembeka okuphezulu. Irekhodi layo elihle lokuphepha lokushaja seliqashelwe yimboni.

Ububi: idizayini yokuqala yamandla aphumayo ingu-100KW, ipulaki yokushaja inzima kakhulu, amandla ohlangothini lwemoto angama-50KW kuphela.

I-GB/T20234

I-China ikhiphe ama-Plugs, ama-Socket-outlets, ama-coupler ezimoto kanye nezindawo zokungena zezimoto zokushaja okuguquguqukayo kwezidingo ezijwayelekile zezimoto zikagesi ngo-2006(GB/T20234-2006), leli zinga licacisa indlela yezinhlobo zokuxhuma 16A,32A,250A 250A AC yokushaja yamanje futhi I-400A DC yokushaja yamanje Isekelwe ikakhulukazi ezingeni le-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ngo-2003. Kodwa leli zinga alichazi inombolo yezikhonkwane zokuxhuma, usayizi womzimba kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja esibonakalayo.

Ngo-2011, i-China ikhiphe i-GB/T20234-2011 evamile enconyiwe, yashintsha okunye okuqukethwe kwe-GB/T20234-2006, ithi i-voltage elinganiselwe ye-AC ngeke idlule ku-690V, imvamisa engu-50Hz, yamanje elinganiselwe ngeke idlule u-250A; I-voltage ye-DC elinganiselwe ngeke yeqe ku-1000V futhi yamanje elinganiselwe ngeke yeqe ku-400A.

Inzuzo:Qhathanisa nenguqulo ka-2006 GB/T, ilinganise imininingwane eyengeziwe yamapharamitha wesixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja.

Ububi: indinganiso namanje ayiphelele. Kuyindinganiso enconyiwe, hhayi eyimpoqo.

Uhlelo lokushaja lwesizukulwane esisha "Chaoji".

Ngo-2020, i-China Electric Power Council kanye ne-CHAdeMO Agreement yethula ngokuhlanganyela ucwaningo lomzila wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni “i-Chaoji”, futhi ngokulandelana ikhipha Iphepha Elimhlophe elithi “Chaoji” Conductive Charging Technology lezimoto zikagesi kanye nezinga le-CHAdeMO 3.0.

Isistimu yokushaja ye-"Chaoji" ingasebenzisa kokubili i-EV endala nesanda kuthuthukiswa. Kuthuthukiswe uhlelo olusha lokulawula nokuqondisa lwesifunda, lwengeza isignali ye-node eqinile, lapho kwenzeka iphutha, i-semaphore ingasetshenziswa ukwazisa ngokushesha omunye umkhawulo ukwenza impendulo esheshayo ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokushaja. Misa imodeli yokuphepha yalo lonke uhlelo , Lungiselela ukusebenza kokuqapha kokugxilwa, kuchaze uchungechunge lwezinkinga zokuphepha njenge-I2T, amandla e-Y, ukukhetha komqhubi we-PE, umthamo omkhulu wesekethe emfishane kanye ne-PE wire break. Ngaleso sikhathi, kuhlolwe kabusha futhi kwaklanywa kabusha isistimu yokuphatha okushisayo, kwahlongoza indlela yokuhlola yokushaja isixhumi.

Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja se-“Chaoji” sisebenzisa idizayini yobuso besiphetho samaphini angu-7 enevoltheji efika ku-1000 (1500) V kanye nesilinganiso samanje esiphezulu esingu-600A.Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja se-“Chaoji” siklanyelwe ukunciphisa usayizi wabo bonke, ukukhulisa ukubekezelelana nokulingana. yehlisa usayizi wetheminali yamandla ukuze uhlangabezane nezimfuneko zokuphepha ze-IPXXB. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuklanywa komhlahlandlela wokufaka ngokomzimba kujulisa ukujula kokufaka kokuphela kwesokhethi, ngokuhambisana nezidingo ze-ergonomics.

Uhlelo lokushaja lwe-“Chaoji” aluyona nje isixhumi esibonakalayo sokushaja samandla aphezulu, kodwa isethi yezixazululo zokushaja ze-DC ezihlelekile zama-EVs, okuhlanganisa umjikelezo wokulawula nokuqondisa, isimiso sokuxhumana, ukuklama nokuhambisana kwemishini yokuxhuma, ukuphepha kwesistimu yokushaja, ukuphathwa okushisayo ngaphansi izimo zamandla aphezulu, njll.”Isistimu yokushaja ye-”Chaoji” iphrojekthi ehlangene yomhlaba wonke, ukuze imoto efanayo kagesi emazweni ahlukene isetshenziswe ohlelweni lokushaja lwamazwe ahambisanayo.

Isiphetho

Namuhla, ngenxa yomehluko wemikhiqizo ye-EV, izindinganiso zemishini yokushaja esebenzayo zihlukile, uhlobo olulodwa lwesixhumi sokushaja alukwazi ukuhlangabezana nawo wonke amamodeli. Ukwengeza, ubuchwepheshe bezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla zisesendleleni yokuvuthwa. Iziteshi zokushaja nezinhlelo zokuxhuma zokushaja zamabhizinisi amaningi okukhiqiza izimoto zisabhekene nezinkinga ezinjengokwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo engazinzile, ubungozi bezokuphepha, ukushaja okungavamile, ukungahambisani kwemoto neziteshi, ukuntuleka kwezindinganiso zokuhlola njll. ekusebenziseni okungokoqobo nokuguga kwemvelo.

Namuhla, abakhiqizi bezimoto emhlabeni wonke baye baqaphela kancane kancane ukuthi "okujwayelekile" kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kwe-EVs. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izindinganiso zokushaja emhlabeni ziye zashintsha kancane kancane zisuka “ekuhlanganiseni” zaba “phakathi nendawo”. Nokho, ukuze kuzuzwe izindinganiso zokushaja ezihlangene ngempela, ngaphezu kwamazinga okuxhumana, izindinganiso zamanje zokuxhumana nazo ziyadingeka. Eyangaphambili ihlobene nokuthi ilunga liyalingana noma cha, kanti lokhu kwakamuva kuthinta ukuthi ipulaki inganikwa amandla yini uma ifakiwe. Kusenendlela ende okufanele ihanjwe ngaphambi kokuthi amazinga okushaja ama-EV afane ngokugcwele, futhi abakhiqizi bezimoto nohulumeni badinga ukwenza okwengeziwe ukuze bavule isimo sabo ukuze benze ama-EV ahlale isikhathi eside. Kulindeleke ukuthi i-China njengomholi ikhuthaze izinga lobuchwepheshe lokushaja le-"Chaoji" lama-EVs lizodlala indima enkulu esikhathini esizayo.