I-Carbon neutral: Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kuhlobene kakhulu nesimo sezulu kanye nemvelo
Ukubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokuxazulula inkinga yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, uhulumeni waseShayina uhlongoze izinjongo “ze-carbon peak” kanye “ne-carbon neutral”. Ngo-2021, "i-carbon peak" kanye "ne-carbon neutrality" yabhalwa embikweni womsebenzi kahulumeni okokuqala ngqa. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi i-carbon peak kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-carbon kuzoba enye yezinto eziza kuqala e-China emashumini eminyaka ezayo.
Indlela yokuthi i-China ifinyelele isiqongo sekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kulindeleke ukuthi ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu. Isigaba sokuqala "isikhathi esiphezulu" kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2030, lapho ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kuzonciphisa ukukhuphuka kwenani lekhabhoni. Isigaba sesibili: 2031-2045 "inkathi yokunciphisa ukukhishwa okusheshayo", futhi isamba sekhabhoni yonyaka siyehla ukusuka ekuguquguqukeni kuya kuzinzile. Isigaba sesithathu: 2046-2060 sizongena esikhathini sokunciphisa ukungcola okujulile, ukusheshisa ukwehla kwenani lekhabhoni, futhi ekugcineni kufinyelele umgomo "wokukhishwa kwe-zero". Esigabeni ngasinye salezi zigaba, inani eliphelele lamandla asetshenzisiwe, isakhiwo, nezici zesistimu yamandla kuzohluka.
Ngokwezibalo, izimboni ezinokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu zigxile kakhulu emandleni, ezimbonini, kwezokuthutha, nakwezokwakha. Imboni yamandla entsha inesikhala esikhulu sokukhula ngaphansi kwendlela “ye-carbon neutral”.
Idizayini yezinga eliphezulu “yethagethi yekhabhoni ekabili” ikhanyisa umgwaqo obushelelezi wokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha.
Kusukela ngo-2020, i-China yethule izinqubomgomo eziningi zikazwelonke nezasekhaya ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, futhi ukuthandwa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kuyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka. Ngokwezibalo ze-Traffic Management Bureau yoMnyango Wezokuphepha Komphakathi, ekupheleni kukaJuni 2021, isibalo sezindaba eChina sase sifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-6.03, okuhlanganisa amaphesenti angu-2.1 engqikithi yezimoto. Phakathi kwazo, kunezimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile eziyizigidi ezi-4.93. Eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule, kube nemicimbi yotshalo-mali ehlobene engaphezu kuka-50 emkhakheni wamandla amasha njalo ngonyaka ngokwesilinganiso, nokutshalwa kwezimali konyaka kufinyelela emashumini ezigidigidi zamayuan.
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2021, Kunamabhizinisi amasha ahlobene nezimoto zamandla angaphezu kuka-370,000 e-China, angaphezu kuka-3,700 wawo angamabhizinisi obuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ngokusho kukaTianyan. Kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2020, isilinganiso sokukhula kwaminyaka yonke kwamabhizinisi amasha ahlobene nezimoto zamandla sifinyelele ku-38.6%, phakathi kwawo, izinga lokukhula lonyaka lamabhizinisi afanelekile ngo-2020 lalishesha kakhulu, lafinyelela ku-41%.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele ze-Tianyan Data Research Institute, kube nemicimbi yokuxhasa ngezimali engaba ngu-550 emkhakheni wezimoto zamandla amasha phakathi kuka-2006 no-2021, nesamba sesamba esingaphezu kwamabhiliyoni angama-320. Ngaphezu kuka-70% wezimali wenzeke phakathi kuka-2015 no-2020, nesamba semali semali engaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-250. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, amandla amasha "igolide" aqhubeka ekhuphuka. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2021, kube nemicimbi yokuxhasa ngezimali engaphezu kuka-70 ngo-2021, nesamba semali esiphelele esingaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-80, esidlula inani eliphelele lokuxhaswa ngezimali ngo-2020.
Ngokombono wokusatshalaliswa kwezindawo, amabhizinisi amaningi aseShayina ahlobene nenqwaba eshajayo asatshalaliswa emadolobheni asezingeni lokuqala namasha asezingeni lokuqala, futhi amabhizinisi amasha ahlobene nedolobha elisesigabeni sokuqala agijima ngokushesha. Njengamanje, i-Guangzhou inenani elikhulu kunawo wonke lokushaja amabhizinisi ahlobene nenqwaba angaphezu kuka-7,000, akleliswe kuqala e-China. I-Zhengzhou, i-Xi 'a Changsha, namanye amadolobha amasha esigaba sokuqala anamabhizinisi ahlobene angaphezu kuka-3,500 kune-Shanghai.
Njengamanje, imboni yezimoto yaseShayina isungule umhlahlandlela wokuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe “wokushayela ugesi okuhlanzekile”, okugxile ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe bebhethri, izimoto, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula ugesi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile kanye ne-plug-in hybrid electric motor. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwanda okukhulu kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, kuzoba negebe elikhulu ekushajweni kwesidingo. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sokushaja sezimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngogesi, kusadingeka ukuqinisa ukwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi ezizimele ngaphansi kokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo.