Ngokukhula kobunikazi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ubunikazi bezinqwaba zokushaja nazo zizokhula, nge-coefficient yokuhlanganisa engu-0.9976, ebonisa ukuhlobana okuqinile. NgoSepthemba 10, i-China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance yakhulula idatha yokusebenza kwenqwaba eshajayo yango-August. Imininingwane ikhombise izinqwaba zokushaja umphakathi ezingaphezulu kuka-34,400 ngo-Agasti 2021 kunangoJulayi 2021, zikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-66.4 unyaka nonyaka ngo-Agasti.
Mayelana nedatha, idatha yenqwaba yokushaja kazwelonke ikhula ngokushesha. Esikhathini esingeside esidlule, ihhovisi lezamandla eSifundazweni sase-Hubei lase-China likhiphe “ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda entsha eshaja imoto yamandla esifundazweni sase-Hubei izinyathelo zesikhashana zokuphathwa kokusebenza, okubekwe phambili, indawo yokupaka yokuhlala yesikhathi esizayo, indawo yokupaka ingaphakathi, izindawo zokupaka zomphakathi, umgwaqo omkhulu kanye indawo evamile yenkonzo yomgwaqo omkhulu wesifundazwe, njll, kufanele ilingane nokumiswa kwengqalasizinda entsha yokushaja izimoto, Phakathi kwazo, u-100% wendawo yokupaka esanda kwakhiwa Izindawo zokupaka kufanele zifakwe nengqalasizinda yokushaja noma izimo zokufakwa kwengqalasizinda eshajayo kufanele zigodlwe. .
Akunandaba nesidingo esingokoqobo noma ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo, imboni yenqwaba eshajayo yaseChina ithole ukwesekwa okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili.
Ithemba lesiteshi sokushaja
Kusukela ngowezi-2017, iChina isibe yizwe elingenisa uwoyela ongahluziwe ezweni elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, elithembele ngaphezu kuka-70% kuwoyela wangaphandle. Ukushoda kwezinsiza kanye nokungcola kwenze kwaba umgomo obalulekile wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla eChina ukuthola eminye imithombo yamandla.
Ibuyekeza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqwaba zokushaja e-China, NgoMeyi 2014, i-State Grid yaseChina yavula imakethe yezindawo zokusebenza zokushaja nokushintsha. Ngo-2015, uhulumeni waxhasa ukwakhiwa kwezinqwaba zokushaja, futhi izimali ezizimele zaqala ukungena. Ngo-2017, ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokusetshenziswa kwezinqwaba zokushaja, amabhizinisi asebenzayo alahlekelwa, umdlandla wemali waqala ukwehla, futhi inqubekelaphambili yokwakha yehla. NgoMashi 2020, iKomidi Elimisiwe Lehhovisi Lezepolitiki leKomidi Elikhulu le-CPC labala inqwaba yokushaja njengamaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda emisha, afaka umfutho ongakaze ubonwe wenqubomgomo. Ekupheleni kuka-2020, isibalo sezinqwaba zokushaja eChina sase sifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-1.672, sikhuphuke ngo-36.7% unyaka nonyaka, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esiyinhlanganisela esingu-69.2% eminyakeni emine edlule.
Ngokwendawo yokufaka, izinqwaba zokushaja zingahlukaniswa zibe izinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi, izinqwaba zokushaja ezikhethekile kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja ezizimele. Kalula nje, izinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi zakhiwe ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokupaka zomphakathi ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinsiza zomphakathi zokushaja izimoto zomphakathi. Iqembu lokwakha liyizinhlobonhlobo zabasebenzisi benqwaba ekhokhiswayo, ikakhulukazi ngokukhokhiswa kukagesi, izimali zesevisi ukuze bathole imali, inqwaba ehamba kancane kanye nenqwaba esheshayo kokubili. Izinqwaba zokushaja ezizimele zakhiwe ezindaweni zokupaka ezizimele (amagaraji) ukuze kukhokhiswe abanikazi bezimoto. Izinqwaba zokushaja kancane zisetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukushaja kwansuku zonke kwansuku zonke, okufaka ugesi kuphela futhi enezindleko eziphansi zokushaja. Inqwaba yokushaja ekhethekile yindawo yokupaka yebhizinisi uqobo (igalaji), esetshenziswa abasebenzi bangaphakathi ebhizinisini, okuhlanganisa amabhasi, izimoto zokuthutha kanye nezinye izimo zokusebenza. Kokubili inqwaba yokushaja kancane kanye nenqwaba yokushaja ngokushesha kuyasetshenziswa.
Ngokwezigaba zezindlela zokushaja, izinqwaba zokushaja zingahlukaniswa zibe izinqwaba ze-DC, izinqwaba ze-AC, iziteshi ezishintshayo kanye nokushaja okungenantambo, okuyizinqwaba ze-DC nama-AC piles yizona eziyinhloko. Inqwaba ye-Ac, ebizwa nangokuthi inqwaba yokushaja okunensayo, ixhunywe kugridi yamandla we-AC futhi inikeza amandla okukhipha amandla ngaphandle komsebenzi wokushaja. Idinga ukushaja imoto kagesi ngeshaja yemoto, enamandla aphansi futhi ishaja kancane. Inqwaba ye-DC, ebizwa nangokuthi inqwaba yokushaja okusheshayo, ixhunywe kugridi yamandla e-AC, futhi okukhiphayo kungamandla e-DC alungisekayo, ashaja ngokuqondile ibhethri lamandla ezimoto zikagesi futhi ishaje ngokushesha.
Ngokusho kwe-China Charging Alliance (EVCIPA), iningi lezinqwaba zokushaja eChina ngezokusetshenziswa ngasese. I-China ibone ukukhula okushesha kakhulu kwenani lenqwaba yokushaja yangasese kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2020, okubalelwa ku-52% wazo zonke izinqwaba zokushaja ngo-2020. Ngo-2020, kukhona cishe izinqwaba ze-DC ezingu-309,000 kanye nezinqwaba ze-AC ezingu-498,000 enqwabeni yokushaja yaseChina. Ngokwezabelo zemakethe, ama-ac piles abalelwa ku-61.7%, kanti ama-DC piles abalelwa ku-38.3%.
Gxila ekuqondeni kochungechunge lwezimboni
Ngaphezulu kochungechunge lwezinqwaba ezishajayo kunezingxenye nabakhiqizi bemishini, abahlinzeka ngempahla edingekayo yokwakha nokusebenza kwenqwaba yokushaja nesiteshi sokushaja. Njengo-opharetha oshajayo kanye nomhlinzeki wesixazululo jikelele, i-Midstream inesibopho sokwakha nokusebenzisa izinqwaba zokushaja neziteshi zokushaja, ukuhlinzeka ngesevisi yendawo yenqwaba eshajayo nomsebenzi wokukhokha wokubhuka, noma ukuhlinzeka ngenkundla yokuphatha inqwaba eshajayo nezisombululo.
Izingxenye ezikhuphukayo zigxila ezingxenyeni ze-IGBT ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yobunzima bokucutshungulwa okuphezulu kwezingxenye ze-IGBT, abakhiqizi benqwaba eshajayo baseChina baseChina bathembele kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe njengamanje. Izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezithuthukisa izingxenye ze-IGBT ikakhulukazi zifaka i-Infineon, ABB, Mitsubishi, Simon, Toshiba, Fuji nokunye. Njengamanje, ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kokushintshwa kuyashesha, i-semiconductor ye-huahong, i-Star semiconductor namanye amabhizinisi endawo ahola ubuchwepheshe, okufanele ukulandelela. I-Guodian Nanrui ingumnikezeli wempahla ojwayelekile wesistimu ye-State Grid, elawulwa yi-State Grid. Ukwakheka kwayo endaweni ekhuphuka nomfula nakho kufanelekile ukunakwa. Ngo-2019, inkampani yamemezela ukuthi izotshala imali ngokuhlanganyela futhi isungule i-Nangrui Lianyan Power Semiconductor Co., LTD ne-lianyan Research Institute, isikhungo socwaningo lwesayensi ngqo ngaphansi kwe-State Grid, egxile kuphrojekthi yezimboni ze-IGBT, futhi isiqalile ukushayela i-1200V / Imikhiqizo ehlobene ne-1700V IGBT.
Ngokombono wama-opharetha aphakathi nendawo, ngokwenani lezinqwaba zokushaja kanye nevolumu yokushaja, Inkampani ephethwe yi-Tred Izuze ithrekhi yokuqala yokuhlukanisa, inkampani izoqhubeka nokugcina isikhundla esiphambili sesabelo semakethe kanye nevolumu yokushaja ngo-2020, ivolumu yokushaja idlule amadigri ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.7 ngonyaka odlule, izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe leminyaka emine yakamuva liyi-126%, esebenza iziteshi zokushaja ezingu-17,000. NgoJulayi 2021, inani lezinqwaba zikagesi zomphakathi ezisetshenziswa izingcingo ezikhethekile zafinyelela ku-223,000, zibalwa kuqala phakathi kwabo bonke abaqhubi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthamo wokushaja nawo ufinyelele ku-375 million KWH, ubekwe kuqala phakathi kwabo bonke opharetha, futhi uhola ngokusobala. Imiphumela yokuqala yesu lenethiwekhi yokushaja ye-Trid isiqala ukubonakala. U-Tered ngaphambilini ukhiphe isaziso sokuthi ucingo oluyisipesheli olusizayo ngokwethulwa kwe-ploIS yokwandisa imali, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla ombuso, i-Three Gorges Group kanye nabanye abatshalizimali abahlakaniphile.
Ekupheleni kukaJuni 2021, bekunezinqwaba zokushaja zomphakathi ezingama-95,500 kanye nezinqwaba zokushaja ezizimele (ezifakwe izimoto) eChina, eziyizigidi ezingama-2,015. Isilinganiso semoto enqwabeni ("imoto" "ibalwa ngokuvumelana namandla amasha okubamba amandla ngoJuni 2021) yi-3, engaphansi kwenani eliphelele lezinqwaba zokushaja ngo-2020 kuMhlahlandlela Wokuthuthukisa wezigidi ezingu-4.8. Isilinganiso senqwaba yezimoto ku-1.04 kuseyigebe elikhulu, kuzomele kusheshiswe ijubane lokwakhiwa.
Ngenxa yemvelo yokushaja imishini yenqwaba ngokwayo isezimotweni ezintsha zamandla (i-BEV ehlanzekile kagesi kanye ne-plug-in HYBRID PHEV) ukuze ingezelele idivayisi yamandla kagesi, ngakho-ke umqondo wokukhula wokushaja imboni yenqwaba ukulandela izimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ngokukhula kobunikazi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla, ubunikazi bezinqwaba zokushaja nazo zizokhula, nge-coefficient yokuhlanganisa engu-0.9976, ebonisa ukuhlobana okuqinile. Engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, ivolumu yokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha ezithwala amandla amasha ifinyelele ku-2,546,800, esefinyelele ku-78.6% wonyaka wonke ngo-2020, ebalwa ku-6.3% wesabelo semakethe yezimoto emhlabeni jikelele. Isikhathi sokusheshisa nomthamo wezimoto zikagesi sesifikile, futhi izinqwaba zokushaja kufanele zihambisane nayo.
