Izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi zisanda kugqamisa ubungozi bengqalasizinda yeshaja yemoto kagesi (EV), okushiya abanikazi abaningi be-EV bevaleleke bengenazo izindawo zokushaja. Ngenxa yezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu nesibi kakhulu, abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi (i-EV) babhekene nezinselele ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili njengoba ukuthembela kwabo kumashaja e-EV kuhlolwa.
Umthelela wesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kumashaja e-EV uveze ubungozi obuthile:
- Ubunzima beGridi Yamandla: Phakathi namagagasi okushisa, isidingo sikagesi siyakhuphuka njengoba bobabili abanikazi be-EV nabathengi abavamile bathembela kakhulu kumasistimu wokupholisa umoya namasistimu wokupholisa. Ubunzima obungeziwe kugridi yamandla lungaholela ekunqamukeni kukagesi noma ukuncipha komthamo wokushaja, kuthinte iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV ezincike ekunikezeni igridi.
- Ukulimala Kwesiteshi Sokushaja: Iziphepho ezinamandla nezikhukhula zingabangela ukulimala eziteshini zokushaja nengqalasizinda ezungezile, kuzenze zingasebenzi kuze kuqedwe ukulungiswa. Kwezinye izimo, umonakalo omkhulu ungaholela esikhathini eside sokuphumula kanye nokunciphisa ukufinyeleleka kwabasebenzisi be-EV.
- Ukugcwala Kwengqalasizinda: Ezifundeni lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-EV kuphezulu, iziteshi zokushaja zingase zibe nokuminyana phakathi nezenzakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. Lapho inani elikhulu labanikazi be-EV lihlangana ezindaweni zokushaja ezilinganiselwe, izikhathi ezinde zokulinda kanye neziteshi zokushaja eziminyene ziba yinto engenakugwemeka.
- Ukwehliswa kokusebenza kwebhethri: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumazinga okushisa adlulele, kungaba amakhaza noma ukushisa okushisayo, kungaba nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni nokusebenza kahle kwamabhethri e-EV. Lokhu-ke kuthinta inqubo yokushaja iyonke kanye nebanga lokushayela.
Ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni benkinga yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu unyaka nonyaka, abantu abaningi baye baqala ukucabanga ngendlela yokuvikela imvelo, ukunciphisa ukungcola, nokunciphisa inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, ngesisekelo sokukwazi ukusheshisa inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nemishini yazo yokushaja, ukuxazulula izithiyo zamanje zokushaja izimoto zikagesi esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu.
Izinsiza Zamandla Asabalalisiwe: Izinsiza Zamandla Asatshalalisiwe (ama-DER) zibhekisela eqoqweni elihlukaniselwe futhi elihlukahlukene lobuchwepheshe bamandla nezinhlelo ezikhiqiza, ezigcina, futhi zilawule amandla eduze nendawo asetshenziswayo. Lezi zinsiza zivame ukutholakala ngaphakathi noma eduze kwezakhiwo zabasebenzisi bokugcina, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala, ezohwebo nezimboni. Ngokuhlanganisa ama-DER kugridi kagesi, imodeli evamile yokuphehla amandla emaphakathi iyapheleliswa futhi ithuthukiswe, inikeze izinzuzo eziningi kokubili abasebenzisi bamandla kanye negridi ngokwayo. Izinsiza zamandla asabalalisiwe, ikakhulukazi amaphaneli elanga, ngokuvamile asekelwe emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo njengokukhanya kwelanga. Ngokukhuthaza ukutholwa kwabo, isabelo samandla ahlanzekile nesimeme ekuhlanganiseni kwawo wonke amandla siyakhula. Lokhu kuhambisana nemizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa isisi esingcolisa umoya kanye nokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukusebenzisa izinsiza zamandla asabalalisiwe, njengeamaphaneli elanga nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, ingasiza ekwehliseni ingcindezi kugridi phakathi nezikhathi zesidingo esiphezulu futhi igcine izinsiza zokushaja phakathi nokuphela kukagesi. Iziteshi zokushaja ezifakwe umthunzi ngamaphaneli e-solar photovoltaic.
Akhiwe ngokuqondile phezu kwezikhala ze-EV, amaphaneli elanga elanga angaphehla ugesi wokushaja imoto futhi anikeze umthunzi nokupholisa ezimotweni ezimile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphaneli elanga anganwetshwa ukuze amboze izindawo zokupaka ezivamile.
Izinzuzo zihlanganisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa encishisiwe, izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza zabanikazi beziteshi, nokuncipha kwengcindezi kugridi kagesi, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswe nesitoreji sebhethri. Edlala ngokuqhubekayo esihlahleni nasehlathini, umklami u-Neville Mars uyachezuka ekwakhiweni kwesiteshi sokushaja esijwayelekile ngesethi yakhe yamaqabunga e-PV aphuma esiqwini esimaphakathi.29 Isisekelo sesiqu ngasinye sibamba indawo yokuphuma ugesi. Isibonelo se-biomimicry, amaphaneli elanga amise okweqabunga alandela indlela yelanga futhi anikeze shading ezimotweni ezimile, kokubili i-EV nezivamile. Yize imodeli yethulwa ngo-2009, inguqulo yesikali esigcwele ayikakhiwa.
Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile nokuphathwa komthwalo: I-Smart Charging and Load Management iyindlela ethuthukisiwe yokuphatha ukushajwa kwezimoto zikagesi (EVs) esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe, idatha, nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kulinganisele isidingo sikagesi kugridi. Le ndlela ihlose ukusabalalisa ngokuyimpumelelo umthwalo wokushaja, ukugwema ukugcwala kwegridi ngezikhathi eziphakeme kakhulu, nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla sekukonke, okunomthelela kugridi kagesi ezinzile futhi esimeme. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okuhlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokuphatha umthwalo kungathuthukisa amaphethini wokushaja futhi kusabalalise imithwalo yokushaja ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana, kuvimbele ukugcwala kakhulu ngezikhathi eziphakeme. I-Dynamic Load Balancing isici esiqapha izinguquko ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kusekethe futhi sabe ngokuzenzakalelayo umthamo otholakalayo phakathi kweMilayisho Yasekhaya noma ama-EV. Ilungisa ukuphuma kokushaja kwezimoto zikagesi ngokuya ngokushintsha komthwalo kagesi. Izimoto eziningi ezishaja endaweni eyodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa zingakha ama-spikes abizayo kagesi. Ukwabelana kwamandla kuxazulula inkinga yokushajwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezimoto zikagesi eziningi endaweni eyodwa. Ngakho-ke, njengesinyathelo sokuqala, uhlanganisa lawa maphuzu wokushaja kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi isekethe ye-DLM. Ukuze uvikele igridi, ungasetha umkhawulo wamandla wayo.
Njengoba umhlaba uqhubeka nokubhekana nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuqinisa ingqalasizinda yeshaja ye-AC EV ngokumelene nezimo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kuba umsebenzi obalulekile. Ohulumeni, izinkampani zezinsiza, nezinhlangano ezizimele kufanele basebenzisane ukuze batshale imali kumanethiwekhi okushaja aqinile futhi basekele ukushintshela ekubeni nekusasa eliluhlaza, lezokuthutha elizinzile.