Mingaphi iMigangatho yeSiqhagamshelo esiTshajayo kwihlabathi liphela?

Ngokucacileyo, iBEV yindlela yoshishino oluzenzekelayo lwamandla .Njengoko imiba yebhetri ayinakusonjululwa ngexesha elifutshane , iindawo zokutshaja zixhotyiswe ngokubanzi ukukhupha inkxalabo yokutshaja kwemoto .Ukutshaja isinxibelelanisi njengezinto ezibalulekileyo zezikhululo zokutshaja , iyahluka kumazwe , sele ijongene nemeko yongquzulwano oluthe ngqo. Apha, singathanda ukulungisa imigangatho yesiqhagamshelo kwihlabathi jikelele.

Combo

I-Combo ivumela ukuhlawulisa ngokucothayo nangokukhawuleza, yeyona sokethi isetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu, ibandakanya i-Audi, i-BMW, i-Chrysler, i-Daimler, i-Ford, i-GM, i-Porsche, i-Volkswagen ixhotyiswe nge-SAE (i-Society of Automotive Engineers) i-interface yokutshaja.

Ngo-2^ndNgo-Okthobha, ka-2012, i-SAE J1772 uguqulelo evotelwe ngamalungu afanelekileyo ekomiti ye-SAE, iba ngowona mgangatho wokutshaja we-DC osesikweni ehlabathini. Ngokusekwe kuhlelo oluhlaziyiweyo lwe-J1772, i-Combo Connector ngowona mgangatho we-DC wokutshaja ngokukhawuleza.

Inguqulelo yangaphambili (eyenziwe ngo-2010) yalo mgangatho ichaze ukucaciswa kwe-J1772 isinxibelelanisi esisetyenziselwa ukutshaja kwe-AC. Esi sidibanisi sisetyenziswe ngokubanzi, sihambelana neNissan Leaf, i-Chevrolet Volt kunye ne-Mitsubishi i-MiEV.Ngelixa inguqulo entsha, ngaphezu kokuba nayo yonke imisebenzi yangaphambili, kunye nezikhonkwane ezimbini, ngokukodwa kwi-DC fast ukutshaja, ayikwazi iyahambelana neeBEV ezindala eziveliswe ngoku.

I-advanteji: olona ncedo lukhulu lwe-Combo Connector yi-automaker ifuna kuphela i-adpat socket enye ekwaziyo zombini i-DC kunye ne-AC, itshaja ngezantya ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

Ububi: Imowudi yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ifuna isitishi sokutshaja ukuba sinikezele ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500 V kunye ne-200 A.

Tesla

I-Tesla inomgangatho wayo wokutshaja, othi unokuhlawula ngaphezu kwe-300 KM kwimizuzu engama-30. Ngoko ke, umthamo omkhulu wesokethi yayo yokutshaja unokufikelela kwi-120kW, kunye nobuninzi be-80A yangoku.

I-Tesla ine-908 iseti yezikhululo zokutshaja eziphezulu e-US okwangoku. Ukungena kwimakethi yaseTshayina, inezitishi zokutshaja ezi-7 sets eziku Shanghai(3), Beijing(2), Hangzhou(1), Shenzhen(1). Ngaphandle koko, ukudibanisa ngcono kunye nemimandla, iTesla iceba ukuyeka ukulawula imigangatho yayo yokutshaja kwaye yamkele imigangatho yendawo, sele isenza e-China.

I-advanteji:Itekhnoloji ephucukileyo enokutshaja ngokufanelekileyo.

Ububi: Ngokuchasene nemigangatho yelizwe ngalinye, kunzima ukunyusa intengiso ngaphandle kokulalanisa; ukuba ukulungelelaniswa, ukuphumelela kwentlawulo kuya kuncitshiswa. Bakwingxaki.

I-CCS (Inkqubo yokuTshaja eDityanisiweyo)

I-Ford, i-General Motors, i-Chrysler, i-Audi, i-BMW, i-Mercedes-Benz, i-Volkswagen kunye ne-Porsche yasungula "iNkqubo yokuTshaja eDityanisiweyo" kwi-2012 kwimizamo yokutshintsha imigangatho edidayo yokuhlawula amachweba. "INkqubo yokuTjaja eDityanisiweyo" okanye eyaziwa ngokuba yiCCS.

I-CCS idibanise zonke iindawo zokutshaja zangoku, ngale ndlela, inokutshaja isigaba esisodwa se-ac, ukutshaja okukhawulezileyo kwe-3 isigaba se-ac, ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yokuhlala ukutshaja kwe-DC kunye nokutshaja kwe-DC ngokukhawuleza kunye nojongano olunye.

Ngaphandle kwe-SAE, i-ACEA (i-European Automobile Manufacturers Association) yamkele i-CCS njengojongano lokutshaja lwe-DC/AC ngokunjalo. Isetyenziswe kuyo yonke i-PEV eYurophu ukususela ngonyaka we-2017. Ekubeni iJamani kunye neTshayina zidibanisa imigangatho yezithuthi zombane, i-China iye yajoyina kule nkqubo ngokunjalo, inike amathuba angazange abonwe ngaphambili kwi-EV yaseTshayina. ZINORO 1E,Audi A3e-tron, BAIC E150EV, BMW i3, DENZA，Volkswagen E-UP, Changan EADO kunye neSMART zonke zezomgangatho we "CCS".

I-Advanteji : I-3 automakers yaseJamani : i-BMW, i-Daimler kunye ne-Volkswagen - iya kwandisa utyalo-mali lwabo kwi-EV yaseTshayina, imigangatho yeCCS ingaba luncedo ngakumbi kwi-China.

Ububi: ukuthengiswa kwe-EV exhaswa umgangatho weCCS zincinci okanye zingena nje kwimarike.

CHAdeMO

I-CHAdeMO sisishunqulelo se-Charge de Move, yisokethi exhaswa nguNissan kunye neMitsubishi. I-ChAdeMO eguqulelwe ukusuka kwisiJapan, intsingiselo ithi "Ukwenza ixesha lokutshaja libe lifutshane njengekhefu leti". Le sokethi yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza yeDC inokubonelela ngomthamo wokutshaja ongama-50KW.

Ii-EV ezixhasa lo mgangatho wokutshaja ziquka: Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander PEV, Citroen C-ZERO, Peugeot Ion, Citroen Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV truck, Honda FIT EV, Maz I-DEMIOEV, i-Subaru Stella PEV, i-Nissan Eev200 njl. Qaphela ukuba i-Nissan Leaf kunye ne-Mitsubishi i-MiEV zombini zineesokethi ezimbini zokutshaja ezahlukeneyo, enye yi-J1772 eyi-Combo isinxibelelanisi kwindawo yokuqala, enye yi-CHAdeMO.

Indlela yokutshaja ye-CHAdeMO iboniswa njengefoto engezantsi, okwangoku ilawulwa ngumqondiso we-CAN webhasi. Oko kukuthi, ngelixa ubeka iliso kwimo yebhetri, ubale ekhoyo ngoku efunwa yitshaja ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye uthumele izaziso kwitshaja nge-CAN, itshaja ifumana umyalelo wangoku kwimoto ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ibonelele ngokutshaja ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokulawula ibhetri, imeko yebhetri ibekwe iliso ngelixa ikhoyo ilawulwa ngexesha langempela, elifezekisa ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi efunekayo ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza nokukhuselekileyo, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ukutshaja akuthinteli ukuguquguquka kwebhetri. Kukho izikhululo zokutshaja ezili-1154 eziza kusetyenziswa ezifakwe ngokwe-CHAdeMO eJapan. Izikhululo zokutshaja ze-CHAdeMO zisetyenziswa kakhulu e-US ngokunjalo, kukho i-1344 AC isikhululo sokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ngokweenkcukacha zamva nje zeSebe lezaMandla lase-US.

I-Avanteji: Ngaphandle kwemigca yokulawula idatha, i-CHAdeMO ithatha ibhasi ye-CAN njenge-interface yonxibelelwano, ngenxa ye-anti-ingxolo ephezulu kunye nekhono eliphezulu lokubona impazamo, inxibelelwano oluzinzile kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Irekhodi layo elihle lokhuseleko lokutshaja liye laqatshelwa lishishini.

Ububi: uyilo lokuqala lwamandla aphumayo yi-100KW, iplagi yokutshaja inzima kakhulu, amandla kwicala lemoto yi-50KW kuphela.

GB/T20234

I-China ikhuphe iiPlagi, ii-Socket-outlets, ii-couplers zezithuthi kunye ne-inlets zezithuthi zokutshaja okuqhutywayo kwezithuthi zombane-Iimfuno ngokubanzi ngo-2006(GB/T20234-2006), lo mgangatho uchaza indlela yonxibelelwano lweentlobo ze-16A,32A,250A AC yokutshaja ngoku kunye I-400A ye-DC yokutshaja okwangoku Isekelwe ikakhulu kumgangatho we-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) kwi-2003. Kodwa lo mgangatho awuchazi inani lezikhonkwane zokudibanisa, ubungakanani bomzimba kunye ne-interface ye-interface yokutshaja.

Kwi-2011, i-China ikhuphe umgangatho ophakanyisiweyo we-GB / T20234-2011, ithathe indawo yezinye iziqulatho ze-GB / T20234-2006, ithi i-AC ye-voltage ye-AC ayiyi kudlula i-690V, i-frequency 50Hz, i-rerated current ayiyi kudlula i-250A; Amandla ombane alinganisiweyo e-DC akayi kudlula kwi-1000V kwaye ireyithingi yangoku ayiyi kuba ngaphezu kwe-400A.

I-advanteji: Thelekisa kunye ne-2006 Version GB/T, ilungelelanise iinkcukacha ezithe kratya kwiiparamitha zojongano lokutshaja.

Ububi:umgangatho awukagqibi. Ngumgangatho ocetyiswayo, hayi isinyanzelo.

Inkqubo yokuTjaja yesiZukulwana esitsha "Chaoji".

Kwi-2020, iKhansile yaMandla oMbane waseChina kunye neSivumelwano se-CHAdeMO ngokubambisana kwasungula uphando lwendlela yophuhliso lweshishini "i-Chaoji", kwaye ngokulandelanayo ikhuphe iPhepha leNgcaciso yoMgaqo-nkqubo kwi-"Chaoji" ye-Conductive Charging Technology yeZithuthi zoMbane kunye nomgangatho we-CHAdeMO 3.0.

Inkqubo yokutshaja "i-Chaoji" inokuhambelana ne-EV endala kunye nesanda kuphuhliswa. Kuphuhliswe isikimu esitsha solawulo kunye nesikhokelo sesekethe, yongeza isiginali ye-node enzima, xa kukho impazamo, i-semaphore ingasetyenziselwa ukwazisa ngokukhawuleza esinye isiphelo ukwenza impendulo ekhawulezayo ngexesha lokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutshaja. Ukuseka imodeli yokhuseleko kuyo yonke inkqubo , Ukwandisa ukusebenza kwe-insulation monitoring performance, kuchazwe uluhlu lwemiba yokhuseleko njenge-I2T, i-Y capacitance, i-PE conductor selection, i-high short circuit umthamo kunye ne-PE wire break. Ngeli xesha, ivavanywe ngokutsha kwaye yahlengahlengisa inkqubo yolawulo lwe-thermal, icetywe indlela yokuvavanya yokutshaja isinxibelelanisi.

I-interface yokutshaja "i-Chaoji" isebenzisa i-7-pin yokuphela koyilo lobuso kunye ne-voltage ukuya kwi-1000 (1500) V kunye nobuninzi bangoku be-600A.I-interface yokutshaja "i-Chaoji" yenzelwe ukunciphisa ubungakanani obukhulu, ukulungelelanisa ukunyamezela kunye ukunciphisa ubungakanani betheminali yamandla ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko ze-IPXXB. Ngelo xesha, ukuyila kwesikhokelo sokufakelwa komzimba kuqinisa ubunzulu bokufakwa kwesiphelo sangaphambili sesokhethi, ngokuhambelana neemfuno ze-ergonomics.

Inkqubo yokutshaja "i-Chaoji" ayiyona nje i-interface yokutshaja kwamandla aphezulu, kodwa isethi yezisombululo zokutshaja kwe-DC ezicwangcisiweyo ze-EVs, kubandakanywa isiphaluka solawulo kunye nesikhokelo, iprothokholi yonxibelelwano, ukuyila kunye nokuhambelana kwezixhobo zokuxhuma, ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokutshaja, ulawulo lwe-thermal phantsi iimeko zamandla aphezulu, njl.njl "i-Chaoji" inkqubo yokutshaja yiprojekthi edibeneyo yehlabathi, ukwenzela ukuba isithuthi sombane esifanayo kumazwe ahlukeneyo sinokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokutshaja yamazwe ahambelanayo.

Ukuqukumbela

Kule mihla, ngenxa yokwahlukana kweempawu ze-EV, imigangatho yezixhobo zokutshaja ezisebenzayo zahlukile, uhlobo olulodwa lokutshaja isinxibelelanisi alukwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimodeli. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yezithuthi zamandla amatsha isekwinkqubo yokuvuthwa. Izikhululo zokutshaja kunye neenkqubo zokutshaja zokutshaja zamashishini amaninzi okuvelisa iimoto zisajongene neengxaki ezifana noyilo lwemveliso engazinzanga, imingcipheko yokhuseleko, ukutshaja okungaqhelekanga, ukungahambelani kwemoto kunye nezitishi, ukungabikho kwemigangatho yokuvavanya njl. kwisicelo esisebenzayo kunye nokuguga kokusingqongileyo.

Namhlanje, ii-automakers emhlabeni wonke ziye zaqonda ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba "umgangatho" yeyona nto iphambili kuphuhliso lwee-EVs. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imigangatho yokutshaja yehlabathi ithe chu kancinci ukusuka "kulwahlulo" ukuya ku "centralization". Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ufezekise ngokwenene imigangatho yokutshaja edibeneyo, ukongeza kwimigangatho yojongano, imigangatho yonxibelelwano lwangoku nayo iyafuneka. Eyangaphambili inxulumene nokuba i-joint iyalingana okanye ayifani, ngelixa le yokugqibela ichaphazela ukuba iplagi inokunikwa amandla xa ifakiwe. Kusekho indlela ende ekufuneka ihanjwe ngaphambi kokuba imigangatho yokutshaja yee-EV ibekwe emgangathweni ngokupheleleyo, kwaye abenzi beemoto kunye noorhulumente kufuneka benze okungakumbi ukuvula isimo sabo sokwenza ii-EV zihlale ixesha elide. Kulindeleke ukuba i-China njengenkokeli yokukhuthaza umgangatho weteknoloji yokutshaja "Chaoji" ye-EVs iya kudlala indima enkulu kwixesha elizayo.