Kwiinzame zokusebenzisana ukukhawulezisa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane (EVs) kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, amazwe amaninzi aseYurophu aveze iinkqubo zenkuthazo ezintsha ezijolise ekwandiseni iziseko zokutshaja izithuthi zombane. IFinland, iSpain, kunye neFransi ziye zazisa ngamanyathelo azo awodwa okukhuthaza ukwanda kwezikhululo zokutshaja, ziphawula inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuya kuthutho oluluhlaza kwilizwekazi liphela.
EFinland: Ukuhlawula Phambili
IFinland yenza imitsi ekhaliphileyo kumnqweno wayo wekamva elizinzileyo ngokunika inkuthazo enkulu kuphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja ii-EV. Ngaphantsi kwenkqubo yabo,urhulumente waseFinland ubonelela ngenkxaso-mali yesisa ye-30% yokwakhiwa kwezikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke ezinomthamo ongaphezulu kwe-11 kW.. Kwabo bakhetha iindlela zokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, ezifana nezikhululo ezinamandla angaphezu kwama-22 kW, inkxaso-mali yonyuka iye kutsho kuma-35%. Ezi zikhuthazi ziyilelwe kungekuphela nje ukwenza ukuba ukutshaja kufikeleleke ngakumbi kodwa nokukhuthaza ukuzithemba kukwamkelwa kwe-EV phakathi kwabantu baseFinland.
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ESpain: MOVES III Ignites Charging Revolution
ISpain isebenzisa amandla ayoI-MOVES III inkqubo yokuqhuba ukwandiswa kwe-EV yayo yokutshaja inethiwekhi,ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinabantu abambalwa. Olona phawu lubalaseleyo lwale nkqubo luncediso-mali lwe-10% olunikezelwa ngurhulumente omkhulu koomasipala abanabemi abangaphantsi kwama-5,000 abahlali ukuze kufakwe izitishi zokutshaja. Le nkxaso inabela kwizithuthi zombane ngokwazo, kunye nenkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo ye-10%, iqinisa ukuzibophelela kweSpain ekwenzeni ii-EVs kunye neziseko zokutshaja zifikeleleke ngakumbi kwilizwe lonke.
Kumtsi obalulekileyo wokuqhubela phambili uthutho oluzinzileyo, iSpain ivelise iSicwangciso esihlaziyiweyo se-Moves III esisetelwe ukuguqula imo yemoto yombane (EV) etshajayo. Esi sicwangciso sombono siphawula ukushenxa okuqaphelekayo kwabo bandulelayo, sibonelela nge-80% yotyalo-mali oluncomekayo, ukutsiba okukhulu ukusuka kuma-40 angaphambili.
Ulwakhiwo lwenkxaso-mali yofakelo lweendawo zokutshaja ze-EV luye lwahlengahlengiswa, ngoku ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ngokukodwa udidi lwabaxhamli kunye nobungakanani babemi bakamasipala okanye isixeko apho iprojekthi iqala khona. Nalu ulwahlulo lweepesenti zenkxaso-mali:
Eyabantu Abaziqeshileyo, Imibutho yabaninimzi, kunye noLawulo lukaRhulumente:
- Koomasipala abanabemi abangaphezu kwama-5,000: Inkxaso-mali eyi-70% yeendleko zizonke.
- Koomasipala abanabemi abangaphantsi kwama-5,000: Inkxaso-mali enomtsalane ngakumbi ye-80% yeendleko zizonke.
KwiiNkampani eziFakela iiNdawo zokuTshaja zokuFikelela kuLuntu ngoMbane ≥ 50 kW:
- Koomasipala abanabemi abangaphezu kwama-5,000: i-35% kwiinkampani ezinkulu, i-45% kwiinkampani eziphakathi, kunye ne-55% kwiinkampani ezincinci.
- Koomasipala abanabemi abangaphantsi kwama-5,000: i-40% yeenkampani ezinkulu, i-50% yeenkampani ezinobungakanani obuphakathi, kunye ne-60% enomtsalane kwiinkampani ezincinci.
KwiiNkampani ezineNdawo zokuTshaja zokuFikelela kuLuntu kunye naMandla angaphantsi kwe-50 kW:
- Koomasipala abanabemi abangaphezu kwama-5,000: Inkxaso-mali engama-30%.
- Koomasipala abanabemi abangaphantsi kwama-5,000: Inkxaso-mali eninzi yama-40%.
I-ambitious Moves III Plan ijolise ekunikezeni i-push ephawulekayo yokwamkelwa kwesithuthi sombane eSpain, kunye nokunyuka okulindelweyo kwe-75% kubhaliso lwe-EV, olulingana ne-70,000 yeeyunithi ezongezelelweyo eziphawulekayo ezithengiswayo. Olu qikelelo luxhaswa yidatha evela kwiSpanish Association of Automobile and Truck Manufacturers.
Eyona njongo yesicwangciso kukuvuselela icandelo leemoto, nenjongo ecacileyo yokufaka iindawo zokutshaja ezingama-100,000 kunye nokubeka iimoto zombane ezingama-250,000 kwiindlela zaseSpain ngasekupheleni kuka-2023.
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IFransi: Indlela Eneenkalo ezininzi zoMbane
Indlela yaseFransi yokwandisa iziseko zokutshaja ze-EV ibonakaliswe sisicwangciso sayo esinamacala amaninzi.Iprogram ye-Advenir, eqale yaziswa ngoNovemba ka-2020, ihlaziywe ngokusemthethweni de kube nguDisemba ka-2023. Le nkqubo ibonelela abantu ngenkxaso-mali ukuya kuthi ga kwi-960 ye-euro yokufakelwa kwezikhululo zokutshaja, ngelixa izibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo zinokufumana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,660 yenkxaso. Ukukhuthaza ngakumbi uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo ezihlawulisayo, iFransi iphumeze umlinganiselo othotyiweyo we-VAT oyi-5.5% wofakelo lwezikhululo zokutshaja ezindlwini, ezinamaxabiso ahlukeneyo kwiminyaka eyahluka-hlukeneyo yokwakha.
Ngaphezu koko, iFransi yazisa ikhredithi yerhafu egubungela i-75% yeendleko ezinxulumene nokuthenga kunye nokufaka izikhululo zokutshaja, ukuya kuthi ga kumda we-300 €. Ikhredithi yerhafu ixhomekeke kumsebenzi owenziwe yinkampani eqeqeshiweyo okanye i-subcontractor yayo, kunye nee-invoyisi ezicacileyo ezichaza iinkcukacha zobugcisa kunye namaxabiso. Inkxaso-mali ye-Advenir ikwanwenwela kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaqumrhu, kubandakanywa abantu abakwizakhiwo ezidityanelweyo, abaxhasi bobunini bokubambisana, iinkampani, uluntu, kunye namaqumrhu oluntu.
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La manyathelo anenkqubela agxininisa ukuzibophelela kwezi zizwe zaseYurophu ekuguqukeleni kukhetho lwezothutho olucocekileyo noluzinzileyo. Ngokukhuthaza uphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja i-EV, iFinland, iSpain, neFransi ngokudibeneyo ziqhuba uguqulo lwezithuthi zombane, zivula indlela yococeko, ikamva lezothutho elicocekile ngakumbi.