Ukungathathi hlangothi kweCarbon: Uphuhliso loqoqosho lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nemozulu kunye nokusingqongileyo
Ukujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokusombulula ingxaki yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, urhulumente waseTshayina ucebise iinjongo ze "carbon peak" kunye "necarbon neutral". Ngo-2021, "incopho yekhabhoni" kunye "ne-carbon neutrality" yabhalwa kwingxelo yomsebenzi karhulumente okokuqala. Kukhuselekile ukuthi incopho yekhabhoni kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kuya kuba yenye yezinto eziphambili eTshayina kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Indlela yeChina yokufikelela kwincopho yekhabhoni kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kulindeleke ukuba yahlulwe ibe ngamanqanaba amathathu. Inqanaba lokuqala "lixesha eliphakamileyo" ukusuka kwi-2020 ukuya kwi-2030, xa ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kuya kunciphisa ukunyuka kwekhabhoni epheleleyo. Inqanaba lesibini: i-2031-2045 "ixesha lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza", kwaye i-carbon total ngonyaka iyancipha ukusuka kwi-fluctuation ukuya kwi-stable. Inqanaba lesithathu: I-2046-2060 iya kungena kwixesha lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa okunzulu, ukukhawuleza ukuhla kwekhabhoni epheleleyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ifezekise injongo "ye-net zero emissions". Kwinqanaba ngalinye kwezi zigaba, inani elipheleleyo lamandla asetyenzisiweyo, isakhiwo, kunye neempawu zenkqubo yamandla ziya kwahluka.
Ngokwezibalo, amashishini anokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu agxile kumandla, ishishini, ezothutho, kunye nokwakha. Ishishini elitsha lamandla linegumbi elikhulu lokukhula phantsi kwendlela "yekhabhoni engathathi hlangothi".
"Ithagethi yekhabhoni emibini" yoyilo olukumgangatho ophezulu lukhanyisa indlela egudileyo yophuhliso lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha.
Ukususela kwi-2020, i-China iye yazisa imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi yelizwe kunye neyengingqi ukukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, kwaye ukuthandwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kuyaqhubeka nokunyuka. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezisuka kwi-Traffic Management Bureau yeSebe loKhuseleko loLuntu, ekupheleni kukaJuni ka-2021, inani leendaba e-China lifikelele kwi-6.03 yezigidi, ezibalelwa kwi-2.1 ekhulwini yezithuthi zizonke. Phakathi kwabo, kukho i-4.93 yezigidi zeemoto zombane ezicocekileyo. Kule minyaka mithandathu idlulileyo, bekukho iziganeko zotyalo-mali ezingaphezulu kwama-50 ezihambelanayo kwindawo entsha yamandla minyaka le ngokomndilili, notyalo-mali lonyaka lufikelele kumashumi eebhiliyoni zeeyuan.
Ukusukela ngo-Oktobha 2021, Kukho ngaphezu kwe-370,000 yamashishini anxulumene neenqwelo zamandla amatsha e-China, apho ngaphezu kwe-3,700 ngamashishini aphezulu, ngokutsho kweTianyan. Ukususela kwi-2016 ukuya kwi-2020, umyinge wonyaka wokukhula kwamashishini anxulumene neenqwelo zamandla amatsha ufikelele kwi-38.6%, phakathi kwayo, izinga lokukhula lonyaka lamashishini afanelekileyo kwi-2020 yayiyeyona ikhawulezayo, ifikelela kwi-41%.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga zeTianyan Data Research Institute, bekukho malunga ne-550 imicimbi yenkxaso-mali kwicandelo lezithuthi zamandla amatsha phakathi kuka-2006 no-2021, kunye nesixa esingaphezu kwe-320 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. Ngaphezulu kwe-70% yenkxaso-mali yenzeke phakathi ko-2015 kunye no-2020, kunye nesixa-mali semali engaphezulu kwe-250 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, amandla amatsha "igolide" aqhubeka nokunyuka. Ukusukela ngo-Okthobha wama-2021, bekukho imisitho yezemali engaphezulu kwama-70 ngo-2021, isixa-mali sisonke senkxaso-mali esingaphezulu kwe-80 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, sigqitha isixa-mali sisonke ngo-2020.
Ngokwembono yosasazo lwejografi, uninzi lwamashishini aseTshayina atshajayo anxulumene nemfumba asasazwa kwizixeko ezikumgangatho wokuqala kunye nezintsha ezikwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye amashishini amatsha akwinqanaba lokuqala anxulumene nesixeko abaleka ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, iGuangzhou inelona nani likhulu lokutshaja amashishini anxulumene nemfumba angaphezu kwama-7,000, abekwe kwindawo yokuqala eTshayina. I-Zhengzhou, i-Xi 'a Changsha, kunye nezinye izixeko ezitsha ezikumgangatho wokuqala zinamashishini angaphezulu kwama-3,500 anxulumeneyo kune-Shanghai.
Okwangoku, ishishini leemoto laseChina liseke isikhokelo sokuguqulwa kobugcisa “sokuqhutywa kombane ococekileyo”, sijolise ekuqhubeni phambili kwibhetri, iimoto, kunye neteknoloji yolawulo lombane, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwemoto yombane esulungekileyo kunye neplagi-in hybrid yemoto yombane. Ngexesha elifanayo, ngokunyuka okukhulu kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, kuya kubakho umsantsa omkhulu kwimfuno yokutshaja. Ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yokutshaja yezithuthi zamandla amatsha, kusafuneka ukomeleza ulwakhiwo lweemfumba zokutshaja zabucala zoluntu phantsi kwenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo.