Ngokukhula kobunikazi bezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ubunini beemfumba zokutshaja buya kunyuka, kunye ne-coefficient yokulungelelanisa ye-0.9976, ebonisa ukulungelelaniswa okuqinileyo. Ngomhla we-10 kuSeptemba, i-China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance ikhuphe idatha yokusebenza kwemfumba ehlawulisayo ngo-Agasti. Iinkcukacha zibonise ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-34,400 iimfumba zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke ngo-Agasti ka-2021 kunoJulayi ka-2021, zinyuke nge-66.4% unyaka nonyaka ngo-Agasti.
Ngokumalunga nedatha, idatha yemfumba yokutshaja yesizwe ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Kungekudala, iofisi yezamandla yephondo laseChina iHubei ikhuphe "ulwakhiwo olutsha lokutshaja isithuthi samandla kwiphondo laseHubei amanyathelo exeshana olawulo lokusebenza, olubekwe phambili, indawo yokuhlala yexesha elizayo, indawo yokupaka yangaphakathi, indawo zokupaka zikawonke-wonke, uhola wendlela Indawo yenkonzo yendlela ye-trunk yephondo, njl.njl, kufuneka ihambelane nohlengahlengiso lweziseko ezitsha zokutshaja iimoto zamandla, Phakathi kwazo, i-100% yeendawo zokupaka ezisanda kwakhiwa kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja okanye imiqathango yofakelo lwezibonelelo zokutshaja kufuneka igcinwe. .
Nokuba ifunwa ngokwenyani okanye inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, ishishini laseTshayina lokuhlawulisa imfumba lifumene inkxaso engazange ibonwe ngaphambili.
Ithemba lesikhululo sokutshaja
Ukusukela ngo-2017, i-China iye yaba lelona lizwe lingenisa i-oyile ekrwada kumazwe angaphandle, ngokuxhomekeka ngaphezulu kwe-70% kwi-oyile yangaphandle. Ukunqongophala kwezixhobo kunye nongcoliseko lwenze ukuba ibe yinjongo ephambili yophuhliso lwamandla e-China ukufumana enye imithombo yamandla.
Ukuphonononga ukuphuhliswa kweemfumba zokutshaja e-China, ngoMeyi ka-2014, i-State Grid yase-China yavula imarike yokutshaja kunye nokutshintsha izixhobo zokusebenza. Ngo-2015, urhulumente waxhasa ukwakhiwa kweemfumba zokutshaja, kwaye i-capital yangasese yaqala ukugalela. Ngo-2017, ngenxa yezinga eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa kweemfumba zokutshaja, amashishini asebenzayo alahlekelwa yilahleko, umdla wemali waqala ukuhla, kwaye inkqubela phambili yokwakha yacotha. NgoMatshi ka-2020, iKomiti eSigxina yeSebe lezoPolitiko leKomiti ePhakathi yeCPC yadwelisa iimfumba zokuhlawulisa njengeeprojekthi zeziseko ezingundoqo, ezithe zazisa ubunzulu bomgaqo-nkqubo ongazange ubonwe ngaphambili. Ekupheleni kuka-2020, inani lilonke leemfumba zokutshaja e-China liye lafikelela kwi-1.672 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ukunyuka kwe-36.7% ngonyaka, kunye nesantya sokukhula esihlangeneyo se-69.2% kule minyaka mine idlulileyo.
Ngokwendawo yokufakela, iimfumba zokutshaja zinokwahlulwa zibe yimfumba yokutshaja kawonke-wonke, iimfumba ezikhethekileyo zokutshaja kunye neengqumba zokutshaja zabucala. Ukuyibeka ngokulula, iimfumba zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke zakhiwe ikakhulu kwiindawo zokupaka zikawonke-wonke ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuhlawulisa uluntu kwizithuthi zentlalo. Iqela lokwakha ikakhulu liziintlobo ngeentlobo zabaqhubi beemfumba ezibizwayo, ikakhulu ngentlawulo yombane, imirhumo yenkonzo ukuze bafumane umvuzo, imfumba ecothayo kunye nemfumba ekhawulezayo zombini. Iimfumba zokutshaja zabucala zakhiwe kwiindawo zokupaka zabucala (iigaraji) ukubonelela ngentlawulo kubanini beemoto. Iimfumba zokutshaja okucothayo zisetyenziselwa ukutshaja ubusuku bemihla ngemihla, ezibandakanya kuphela umbane kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi lokutshaja. Ingqumba yokutshaja ekhethekileyo yindawo yokupaka yeshishini (igaraji), esetyenziswa ngabasebenzi bangaphakathi beshishini, kubandakanywa iibhasi, izithuthi zolungiselelo kunye nezinye iimeko zokusebenza. Zombini imfumba yokutshaja okucothayo kunye nengqumba yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza ziyasetyenziswa.
Ngokohlelo lweendlela zokutshaja, iimfumba zokutshaja zinokwahlulwa zibe ziimfumba ze-DC, ii-AC piles, izitishi ezitshintshayo kunye nokutshaja okungenazingcingo, apho iipiles ze-DC kunye nee-AC zezona ziphambili. Imfumba ye-Ac, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimfumba yokutshaja okucothayo, iqhagamshelwe kwigridi yamandla ye-AC kwaye ibonelela ngemveliso yamandla ngaphandle komsebenzi wokutshaja. Kufuneka ihlawule isithuthi sombane ngetshaja yesithuthi, enamandla aphantsi kunye nokutshaja okucothayo. Imfumba ye-DC, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimfumba yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, iqhagamshelwe kwigridi yamandla e-AC, kwaye imveliso yi-DC ehlengahlengiswayo, ehlawulisa ngokuthe ngqo ibhetri yamandla ezithuthi zombane kwaye ihlawulise ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokutsho kwe-China Charging Alliance (EVCIPA), uninzi lweemfumba zokutshaja e-China zezokusetyenziswa ngasese. I-China yabona ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwenani leemfumba zokutshaja zabucala ukusuka kwi-2016 ukuya ku-2020, i-akhawunti ye-52% yazo zonke iimfumba zokutshaja ngo-2020. Ngo-2020, kukho malunga ne-309,000 ye-DC kunye ne-498,000 AC imfumba kwimarike yokutshaja yaseChina. Ngokwezabelo zemarike, ii-ac piles zibalelwa kwi-61.7%, kunye ne-DC piles zibalelwa kuma-38.3%.
Gxininisa kwicala lekhonkco leshishini
Umjelo osemantla wetsheyini yoshishino lwemfumba etshajayo ngamacandelo kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo, ezibonelela ngezixhobo ezifunekayo kulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwemfumba yokutshaja kunye nesikhululo sokutshaja. Njengomqhubi oshajayo kunye nomboneleli wesisombululo ngokubanzi, iMidstream inoxanduva lokwakha kunye nokusebenza kweemfumba zokutshaja kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja, ukubonelela ngenkonzo yendawo yemfumba yokuhlawula kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlawula ukubhuka, okanye ukubonelela ngeqonga lolawulo lwemfumba kunye nezisombululo.
Amacandelo aphezulu agxininisa kumacandelo e-IGBT anomxholo ophezulu wezobugcisa. Ngenxa yobunzima obuphezulu bokusetyenzwa kwamacandelo e-IGBT, i-DC yaseTshayina ye-DC abavelisi bemfumba baxhomekeke ikakhulu ekuthengisweni ngaphandle ngoku. Iinkampani zangaphandle eziphuhlisa amacandelo e-IGBT ikakhulu abandakanya i-Infineon, ABB, Mitsubishi, Simon, Toshiba, Fuji njalo njalo. Okwangoku, indawo yokutshintshwa iyakhawuleza, i-huahong semiconductor, i-Star semiconductor kunye namanye amashishini asekuhlaleni akhokela iteknoloji, kufanelekile ukulandelwa. I-Guodian Nanrui ngumboneleli wezixhobo eziphambili ze-State Grid system, elawulwa yi-State Grid. Uyilo lwayo kwintsimi ekhuphukayo nayo ifanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo. Ngo-2019, inkampani yabhengeza ukuba ityale imali ngokudibeneyo kwaye yaseka iNangrui Lianyan Power Semiconductor Co., LTD kunye nelianyan Research Institute, iziko lophando lwezenzululwazi ngqo phantsi kweGridi kaRhulumente, ligxile kwiprojekthi yemodyuli ye-IGBT, kwaye sele iqalile ukuvavanya i-1200V / Iimveliso ezinxulumene ne-1700V IGBT.
Ukususela kumbono wabaqhubi be-midstream, ngokwenani leemfumba zokutshaja kunye nomthamo wokutshaja, I-subsidiary ye-Tred Iphumelele umzila wokuqala wokwahlulahlula, inkampani iya kuqhubeka nokugcina indawo ehamba phambili yesabelo semarike kunye nomthamo wokuhlawula kwi-2020, umthamo wokutshaja udlule kwi-2.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedigri kulo nyaka uphelileyo, izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiweyo kule minyaka mine yakutsha nje li-126%, elisebenza kwizikhululo zokutshaja ezili-17,000. NgoJulayi 2021, inani leemfumba zombane zoluntu eziqhutywe ngeefowuni ezikhethekileyo zafikelela kwi-223,000, zibekwe kuqala phakathi kwabo bonke abaqhubi. Kwangaxeshanye, umthamo wokutshaja ufikelele kwi-375 yezigidi ze-KWH, ubekwe kuqala phakathi kwabo bonke abaqhubi, kwaye uthatha isikhokelo esicacileyo. Iziphumo zangaphambili zesicwangciso senethiwekhi yokutshaja yeTrid ziyaqala ukubonakala. U-Tered ngaphambili wakhupha isaziso sokuba i-subsidiary special call ngokuziswa kwe-capital expansion ploIS, utyalo-mali lwamandla karhulumente, iQela leeGorges eziThathu kunye nabanye abatyali-mali abanobuchule.
Ekupheleni kukaJuni ka-2021, bekukho i-95,500 yeemfumba zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke kunye ne-1,064,200 yeemfumba zokutshaja zabucala (ezixhotyiswe ngezithuthi) eTshayina, zizonke zizigidi ezingama-2,015. Umlinganiselo wesithuthi kwimfumba ("isithuthi" sibalwa ngokuhambelana nomthamo omtsha wokubamba amandla ngoJuni 2021) yi-3, engaphantsi kwenani elipheleleyo leemfumba zokuhlawula kwi-2020 kwiSikhokelo soPhuhliso se-4.8 yezigidi. Umlinganiselo wemfumba yemoto ukuya kwi-1.04 usengumsantsa omkhulu, ubopheleleke ekukhawuleziseni isantya sokwakha.
Ngenxa yobume bokutshaja isixhobo semfumba ngokwaso sikwizithuthi zamandla amatsha (i-BEV yombane esulungekileyo kunye neplug-in HYBRID PHEV) ukongeza isixhobo samandla ombane, ngoko ke ingqiqo yokukhula yoshishino lwemfumba yokutshaja kukulandela izithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ngokukhula kobunikazi bezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ubunini beemfumba zokutshaja buya kunyuka, kunye ne-coefficient yokulungelelanisa ye-0.9976, ebonisa ukulungelelaniswa okuqinileyo. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, umthamo wentengiso wehlabathi jikelele wezithuthi zabakhweli zamandla amatsha ufikelele kwi-2,546,800, efikelele kwi-78.6% yonyaka wonke ngo-2020, ebalelwa kwi-6.3% yesabelo semarike yemoto yehlabathi. Ixesha lokukhawuleza kunye nomthamo wezithuthi zombane lifikile, kwaye iimfumba zokutshaja kufuneka zihambelane nayo.
