Iziganeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo zisandula ukugqamisa ubuthathaka besiseko setshaja yemoto yombane (EV), eshiya abanikazi abaninzi be-EV bexinekile bengenakufikelela kwizibonelelo zokutshaja. Emva kwezehlo zemozulu eziye zenyuka rhoqo nezimbi kakhulu, abanini bezithuthi zombane (EV) bajongene nemiceli mngeni engazange ibonwe njengoko ukuthembela kwabo kwiitshaja ze-EV kujongwa.
Impembelelo yemozulu egqithisileyo kwiitshaja ze-EV iveze ubuthathaka obuninzi:
- Uxinzelelo lweGridi yamandla: Ngexesha lobushushu, imfuno yombane iyanyuka njengoko bobabini abanikazi be-EV kunye nabathengi abaqhelekileyo baxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-air conditioning kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa. Uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kwigridi yamandla kunokukhokelela ekuphumeni kombane okanye ukunciphisa umthamo wokutshaja, okuchaphazela izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV ezixhomekeke kunikezelo lwegridi.
- Ukonakaliswa kwesiKhululo sokuTshaja: Izaqhwithi ezinamandla kunye nezikhukula zinokubangela umonakalo kwizikhululo zokutshaja kunye neziseko ezingqongileyo, zizenze zingasebenzi de kugqitywe ukulungiswa. Kwezinye iimeko, umonakalo omkhulu unokukhokelela kwixesha elide lokunciphisa kunye nokunciphisa ukufikeleleka kwabasebenzisi be-EV.
- Ukugqithiswa kweziseko zophuhliso: Kwiingingqi apho ukwamkelwa kwe-EV kuphezulu, izikhululo zokutshaja zinokuba nengxaki yokuxinana ngexesha lezehlo zemozulu ezimandundu. Xa inani elikhulu labanini bee-EV lidibana kwiindawo zokutshaja ezilinganiselweyo, amaxesha amade okulinda kunye nezikhululo zokutshaja ezixineneyo ziba yinto engenakuthintelwa.
- Ukucuthwa kokuSebenza kwebhetri: Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo, nokuba yingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo okanye ubushushu obutshisayo, kunokuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweebhetri ze-EV. Oku, kwakhona, kuchaphazela inkqubo yokutshaja ngokubanzi kunye noluhlu lokuqhuba.
Ngokusekwe kubunzulu bengxaki yemozulu embi kakhulu unyaka nonyaka, abantu abaninzi ngakumbi baye baqala ukucinga malunga nendlela yokukhusela indalo, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, kunye nokucothisa inkqubo yophuhliso lwemozulu embi kakhulu, kwisiseko sokukwazi ukukhawulezisa imozulu. inkqubo yophuhliso lwezithuthi zombane kunye nezixhobo zabo zokutshaja, ukucombulula iingxaki zangoku zokutshaja iimoto zombane kwimozulu embi.
Imithombo yaMandla aSasazwayo: IZibonelelo zaMandla aSasazwayo (i-DERs) zibhekiselele kwiseti ekwabelwana ngayo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeetekhnoloji zamandla kunye neenkqubo ezivelisa, ezigcina, kunye nokulawula amandla kufutshane nendawo yokusetyenziswa. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zibekwe ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nezakhiwo zabasebenzisi bokugqibela, kubandakanywa iindawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye nemizi-mveliso. Ngokudibanisa ii-DERs kuthungelwano lombane, imodeli yokuvelisa amandla esembindini eqhelekileyo iyaxhaswa kwaye iphuculwe, ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kubo bobabini abasebenzisi bamandla kunye negridi ngokwayo. Imithombo yamandla asasazwayo, ngakumbi iiphaneli zelanga, zidla ngokusekwe kwimithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo njengokukhanya kwelanga. Ngokukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwabo, isabelo samandla acocekileyo kunye nozinzile kumxube wamandla ngokubanzi ukwanda. Oku kuhambelana neenzame zehlabathi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza kunye nokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukuphumeza izibonelelo zamandla ezisasazwayo, ezifanaiipaneli zelanga kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla, inokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwigridi ngexesha leemfuno eziphakamileyo kunye nokugcina iinkonzo zokuhlawula ngexesha lokuphela kombane. Izikhululo zokutshaja ezifakwe i-solar photovoltaic panels.
Eyakhelwe ngokuthe ngqo phezu kweendawo ze-EV, iipaneli ze-solar photovoltaic zinokuvelisa zombini umbane wokutshaja isithuthi kunye nokubonelela ngomthunzi kunye nokupholisa izithuthi ezimisiweyo. Ukongeza, iiphaneli zelanga nazo zinokukwandiswa ukugubungela iindawo zokupaka ezongezelelweyo eziqhelekileyo.
Izibonelelo zibandakanya ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, iindleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kubanikazi bezikhululo, kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwigridi yombane, ngakumbi xa kudibaniswa nokugcinwa kwebhetri. Edlala ngakumbi kumthi kunye nomzekeliso wehlathi, umyili uNeville Mars uyatenxa kuyilo lwesikhululo sokutshaja esiqhelekileyo kunye neseti yakhe yamagqabi ePV aphuma kwisiqu esisembindini.29 Isiseko sesiqu ngasinye sibamba indawo yokuphuma umbane. Umzekelo we-biomimicry, iipaneli zelanga ezinokwakheka kweqabunga zilandela indlela yelanga kwaye zibonelela nge-shading kwiimoto ezipakiweyo, zombini i-EV kunye nesiqhelo. Nangona imodeli yaboniswa ngo-2009, inguqulelo epheleleyo ayikakhiwa.
UkuTshaja ngobuchule kunye noLawulo loMthwalo: I-Smart Charging and Load Management yindlela ephucukileyo yokulawula ukutshajiswa kwezithuthi zombane (EVs) ezisebenzisa iteknoloji, idatha, kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ukuze kuphuculwe kwaye kulingane imfuno yombane kwigridi. Le ndlela ijolise ekusasazeni ngokufanelekileyo umthwalo wokutshaja, ukuphepha ukugqithiswa kwegridi ngexesha lexesha eliphezulu, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokubanzi, igalelo kwigridi yombane ezinzileyo kwaye ezinzileyo. Ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngobuchule kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lomthwalo kunokwandisa iipatheni zokutshaja kwaye usasaze imithwalo yokutshaja ngokufanelekileyo, ukuthintela ukugcwala kakhulu ngexesha lamaxesha aphezulu. I-Dynamic Load Balancing luphawu olubeka esweni utshintsho kusetyenziso lwamandla kwisekethe kwaye yabe ngokuzenzekelayo umthamo okhoyo phakathi kweMithwalo yaseKhaya okanye ii-EVs. Ilungelelanisa imveliso yokutshaja yezithuthi zombane ngokwenguqu yomthwalo wombane. Iimoto ezininzi ezitshaja kwindawo enye ngaxeshanye zinokwenza ii-spikes zombane ezixabisa kakhulu. Ukwabelana kwamandla kusombulula ingxaki yokutshaja ngaxeshanye kwezithuthi zombane ezininzi kwindawo enye. Ke ngoko, njengenyathelo lokuqala, udibanisa la manqaku okutshaja kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-DLM yesekethe. Ukukhusela igridi, unokumisela umda wamandla kuyo.
Njengoko ihlabathi liqhubeleka ukulwa neziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuqinisa iziseko zetshaja ye-AC EV ngokuchasene neziganeko zemozulu ezimandundu iba ngumsebenzi oyimfuneko. Oorhulumente, iinkampani eziluncedo, kunye namaqumrhu abucala kufuneka basebenzisane kutyalo-mali kuthungelwano lokutshaja oluzinzileyo kunye nokuxhasa inguqu ukuya kwikamva eliluhlaza, elizinzileyo lothutho.