Intshayelelo
Ngokutyhalwa kwehlabathi kwe-decarbonization, izithuthi zombane (EVs) ziya zithandwa kakhulu. Enyanisweni, i-International Energy Agency (IEA) iqikelela ukuba kuya kuba ne-125 yezigidi ze-EVs endleleni ngo-2030. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ii-EVs zamkelwe ngokubanzi, iziseko zokuzihlawulisa kufuneka ziphuculwe. Ishishini lokutshaja i-EV lijongene nemingeni emininzi, kodwa kunye namathuba amaninzi okukhula kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Imingeni yoShishino lokuTjaja i-EV
Ukunqongophala koMgangatho
Omnye wemingeni ephambili ejongene neshishini lokutshaja i-EV kukunqongophala komgangatho. Okwangoku kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeetshaja ze-EV ezikhoyo, nganye inemilinganiselo yokutshaja eyahlukileyo kunye neentlobo zeplagi. Oku kunokudideka kubathengi kwaye kwenze kube nzima kumashishini ukuba atyale imali kwiziseko ezichanekileyo.
Ukujongana nalo mngeni, i-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) iphuhlise umgangatho wehlabathi jikelele wokutshaja kwe-EV, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-IEC 61851. Lo mgangatho uchaza iimfuno zezixhobo zokutshaja i-EV kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba zonke iishaja ziyahambelana nazo zonke ii-EVs.
Uluhlu olulinganiselweyo
Uluhlu olulinganiselweyo lwee-EV ngomnye umngeni kwishishini lokutshaja i-EV. Nangona uluhlu lwee-EVs luphucula, abaninzi basenoluhlu olungaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezingama-200. Oku kusenokwenza kube nzima ukuhamba umgama omde, njengoko abaqhubi kufuneka beme ukuze bazitshaje izithuthi zabo qho kwiiyure ezimbalwa.
Ukujongana nalo mngeni, iinkampani ziphuhlisa itekhnoloji yokutshaja ngokukhawuleza enokuhlawula i-EV kwimizuzu nje embalwa. Umzekelo, iTesla's Supercharger inokubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilomitha ezingama-200 kwimizuzu nje eli-15. Oku kuya kwenza uhambo olude lube lula ngakumbi kwaye lukhuthaze abantu abaninzi ukuba batshintshele kwii-EVs.
Iindleko eziphezulu
Iindleko eziphezulu zeetshaja ze-EV ngomnye umngeni kushishino. Ngelixa iindleko zee-EVs zihla, iindleko zeetshaja zihlala ziphezulu. Oku kunokuba ngumqobo ekungeneni kumashishini ajonge ukutyalomali kwi-EV yokubiza iziseko.
Ukujongana nalo mceli mngeni, oorhulumente banikezela ngenkuthazo kumashishini ukuba atyale imali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zokuhlawulisa i-EV. Umzekelo, eUnited States, amashishini anokufumana iikhredithi zerhafu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% yeendleko ze-EV yokutshaja izixhobo.
Iziseko zophuhliso ezinyiniweyo
Iziseko ezingundoqo ezilinganiselweyo zokubizwa kwe-EV ngomnye umngeni kushishino. Ngelixa kukho ngaphezulu kwe-200,000 yeetshaja ze-EV zikawonke wonke kwihlabathi jikelele, eli liselinani elincinci xa lithelekiswa nenani lezikhululo zepetroli. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kubaqhubi be-EV ukufumana izikhululo zokutshaja, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni.
Ukujongana nalo mceli mngeni, oorhulumente batyala imali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zokuhlawulisa i-EV. Ngokomzekelo, i-European Union ithembise ukufaka i-1 yezigidigidi zokuhlawula uluntu ngo-2025. Oku kuya kwenza kube lula ukuba abantu batshintshele kwii-EVs kwaye bancede ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Amathuba oShishino lokuTjaja i-EV
Ukutshaja eKhaya
Elinye ithuba leshishini lokutshaja i-EV kukutshaja ekhaya. Ngelixa izikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke zibalulekile, uninzi lokutshaja kwe-EV lwenzeka ekhaya. Ngokunikezela ngezisombululo zokutshaja ekhaya, iinkampani zinokubonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo nengabizi kakhulu kubanini be-EV ukuba bahlawule izithuthi zabo.
Ukusebenzisa eli thuba, iinkampani zinokubonelela ngezikhululo zokutshaja ekhaya ekulula ukuzifaka kunye nokusetyenziswa. Basenokunikezela ngeenkonzo ezisekelwe kumrhumo ezibonelela abanini be-EV ukufikelela kwizikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke kunye nezaphulelo kwizixhobo zokutshaja.
Ukutshaja ngobuchule
Elinye ithuba leshishini lokutshaja i-EV kukutshaja ngobuchule. Ukutshaja okuhlakaniphile kuvumela ii-EVs ukuba zinxibelelane negridi yamandla kwaye zilungelelanise amaxabiso azo okutshaja ngokusekelwe kwimfuno yombane. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwigridi ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ii-EVs zihlawuliswa ngawona maxesha aneendleko eziphezulu.
Ukuthatha eli thuba, iinkampani zinokubonelela ngezisombululo zokutshaja ezikrelekrele ekulula ukuzidibanisa neziseko zokutshaja ze-EV ezikhoyo. Bangakwazi kwakhona ukusebenzisana nezinto eziluncedo kunye nabaqhubi begridi ukuqinisekisa ukuba izisombululo zabo ziyahambelana neemfuno zegridi yamandla.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwaMandla aVuselelwayo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo lelinye ithuba leshishini lokutshaja i-EV. Ii-EVs zinokuhlawuliswa kusetyenziswa umbane owenziwe kwimithombo evuselelekayo efana nomoya kunye nelanga. Ngokudibanisa amandla avuselelekayo kwinkqubo yokutshaja kwe-EV, iinkampani zinokunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuzinzileyo.
Ukusebenzisa eli thuba, iinkampani zinokusebenzisana nababoneleli bamandla avuselelekayo ukuba banike izisombululo zokutshaja ze-EV ezisebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo. Basenokutyala imali kwiziseko zabo zamandla ahlaziyekayo ukunika amandla izikhululo zabo zokutshaja.
Uhlalutyo lwedatha
Uhlalutyo lwedatha lithuba leshishini lokutshaja i-EV ukuze liphucule ukusebenza kweziseko ezingundoqo zokutshaja. Ngokuqokelela kunye nokuhlalutya idatha kwiipatheni zokutshaja, iinkampani zinokuchonga iindlela kwaye zilungelelanise iziseko zazo zokutshaja ukuze zihlangabezane ngcono neemfuno zabaqhubi be-EV.
Ukusebenzisa eli thuba, iinkampani zinokutyala imali kwi-software yohlalutyo lwedatha kunye neqabane kunye neefemu zokuhlalutya idatha ukuhlalutya idatha yokubiza. Basenokusebenzisa idatha ukwazisa uyilo lwezikhululo zokutshaja ezintsha kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwezikhululo ezikhoyo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ishishini lokutshaja i-EV lijongene nemingeni emininzi, kubandakanywa ukunqongophala komgangatho, uluhlu olulinganiselweyo, iindleko eziphezulu, kunye neziseko ezisisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, maninzi amathuba okukhula kunye nokutsha kwishishini, kubandakanya ukutshaja ekhaya, ukutshaja ngobuchule, ukudityaniswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha. Ngokujongana nale mingeni kunye nokusebenzisa la mathuba, ishishini lokutshaja i-EV linokunceda ukukhuthaza uthutho oluzinzileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
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