Sida iska cad, BEV waa isbeddelka tamarta cusub ee auto-warshadaha .Maadaama arrimaha batteriga aan lagu xallin karin muddo gaaban, tas-hiilaadka dallacadu waxay si ballaaran u qalabaysan yihiin si ay u kiciyaan walaaca baabuurka ee dallacaadda. , oo ka duwan dalalka , waxa ay hore u soo food saartay xaalad dagaal toos ah. Halkan, waxaan rabnaa inaan ku kala saarno heerarka isku xirka adduunka.
Combo
Combo waxay ogolaataa in si tartiib tartiib ah oo degdeg ah loo dallaco, waa godka loogu isticmaalka badan yahay Yurub, oo ay ku jiraan Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Daimler, Ford, GM, Porsche, Volkswagen waxay ku qalabaysan yihiin SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers).
On 2ndOktoobar ,2012, beddelka SAE J1772 oo ay u codeeyaan xubnaha ay khusayso ee guddiga SAE, waxay noqotaa heerka kaliya ee dallacaadda DC ee rasmiga ah ee adduunka. Iyada oo ku saleysan daabacaadda dib loo eegay ee J1772, Combo Connector waa halbeegga aasaasiga ah ee dallacaadda degdegga ah ee DC.
Nooca hore (oo la sameeyay 2010) ee heerkan ayaa qeexay qeexida xiriiriyaha J1772 ee loo isticmaalo dallacaadda AC. Xidhiidhiyahan ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalay, oo la jaan qaadaya Nissan Leaf, Chevrolet Volt iyo Mitsubishi i-MiEV. Iyadoo nooca cusub, marka lagu daro dhammaan hawlaha hore, oo leh laba biin oo dheeraad ah, oo gaar ahaan loogu talagalay DC si degdeg ah u dallaca, ma noqon karto. ku habboon BEVs-yadii hore ee hadda la soo saaray.
Faa'iidada: faa'iidada ugu weyn ee Combo Connector waa baabuur-sameeyaha kaliya waxay u baahan yihiin inay ku dhejiyaan hal godad awood u leh labadaba DC iyo AC, ku dallacaya laba xawaare oo kala duwan.
Khasaaro: Habka dallacaadda degdegga ah wuxuu u baahan yahay saldhigga dallacaadda inuu bixiyo ilaa 500 V iyo 200 A.
Tesla
Tesla waxa ay leedahay halbeeg u gaar ah oo dallaca, kaas oo sheeganaya in uu ka qaadi karo wax ka badan 300 KM 30 daqiiqo gudahood. Sidaa darteed, awoodda ugu badan ee godad dallacadu waxay gaari kartaa ilaa 120kW, iyo ugu badnaan 80A.
Tesla waxay hadda ku leedahay 908 saldhigyada dallacaadaha super ee Maraykanka. Si aad u gasho suuqa Shiinaha, waxay leedahay 7sets Super charge stations oo ku yaal Shanghai (3), Beijing (2), Hangzhou (1), Shenzhen (1). Ka sokow, Si aad si fiican ula qabsato gobollada, Tesla waxay qorsheyneysaa inay ka baxdo xakamaynta heerarka dallacaadda oo ay qaadato heerarka maxalliga ah, waxay horeyba ugu samaysay Shiinaha.
Faa'iidada: tignoolajiyada horumarsan oo leh hufnaan lacag bixineed sare leh.
Khasaaro: Si ka duwan halbeegyada waddan kasta, way adag tahay in la kordhiyo iibka iyada oo aan la tanaasulin, haddii la tanaasulo, waxtarka dallacadu waa la dhimi doonaa. Waxay ku jiraan xaalad adag.
CCS (Nidaamka Dallacaadda Isku-dhafka ah)
Ford, General Motors, Chrysler, Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen iyo Porsche waxay bilaabeen "Nidaamka Dallacaadda Isku-dhafka ah" ee 2012 iyagoo isku dayaya in ay beddelaan heerarka jaahwareerka ee dallacaadda dekedaha. "Nidaamka Dallacaadda Isku-dhafka ah" ama loo yaqaan CCS.
CCS waxay midaysay dhammaan is-dhexgaleyaasha dallacaadda hadda jira, habkan, waxay ku dallaci kartaa hal weji ac ku dallaco, 3 waji oo degdeg ah, ku dallacaadda isticmaalka guryaha iyo ku dallacaadda DC-ga degdegga ah ee hal interface.
Marka laga reebo SAE, ACEA (Ururka Soosaarayaasha Baabuurta ee Yurub) ayaa sidoo kale qaatay CCS sida interneedka ku dallacaadda DC/AC sidoo kale. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa dhammaan PEV ee Yurub laga bilaabo sanadka 2017. Tan iyo markii Jarmalka iyo Shiinaha ay mideeyeen heerarka baabuurta korontada, Shiinaha ayaa ku biiray nidaamkan sidoo kale, waxay siisay fursado aan horay loo arag Shiinaha EV. ZINORO 1E, Audi A3e-tron, BAIC E150EV, BMW i3, DENZA, Volkswagen E-UP, Changan EADO iyo SMART dhamaantood waxay ka tirsan yihiin heerka "CCS".
Faa'iidada: 3 Jarmal automakers: BMW, Daimler iyo Volkswagen -- waxay kordhin doonaan maalgashigooda Shiinaha EV, heerarka CCS ayaa laga yaabaa inay faa'iido badan u leeyihiin Shiinaha.
Khasaaro: iibinta EV-ka ee la taageeray heerka CCS way yar yihiin ama hadda uun suuqa soo galay.
CHAdeMO
CHAdeMO waa soo gaabinta CHArge de Move, waa godka ay taageerayaan Nissan iyo Mitsubishi. ChAdeMO oo laga soo tarjumay Jabbaan, micnuhu waa "Ka dhigista wakhtiga lacag-bixinta mid u gaaban sida nasashada shaaha". Socket-ka degdega ah ee DC wuxuu ku siin karaa ugu badnaan 50KW awood.
EVs ee taageera heerkan dallacaadda waxa ka mid ah: Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander PEV, Citroen C-ZERO, Peugeot Ion, Citroen Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV truck, Honda FIT EV, Mazda DEMIOEV, Subaru Stella PEV, Nissan Eev200 iwm Ogsoonow in Nissan Leaf iyo Mitsubishi i-MiEV labaduba waxay leeyihiin laba dalool oo kala duwan, mid waa J1772 kaas oo ah isku xirka Combo ee qaybta hore, ka kalena waa CHAdeMO.
Habka dallacaadda CHAdeMO waxaa lagu muujiyey sida sawirka hoose, kan hadda waxaa gacanta ku haya calaamadda baska CAN. Taasi waa in la yidhaahdo, iyadoo la soconaysa heerka batteriga, xisaabi wakhtiga dabayshu u baahan yahay wakhtiga dhabta ah oo u soo dir ogaysiisyo ku dallaci adigoo isticmaalaya CAN, dabeyuhu wuxuu si degdeg ah uga helaa amarka hadda baabuurka, oo u bixi ku dallaca hadda si waafaqsan.
Iyada oo loo marayo nidaamka maaraynta batteriga, xaaladda batteriga ayaa lala socdaa inta hadda la xakameynayo waqtiga dhabta ah, taas oo si buuxda u fulisa hawlaha looga baahan yahay ku dallacaadda degdegga ah oo badbaado leh, waxayna hubisaa in dallacadu aysan xaddidnayn awoodda batteriga. Waxaa jira 1154 xarun dallaca ah oo la isticmaalo kuwaas oo lagu rakibay sida uu qabo CHAdeMO ee Japan. Saldhigyada dallacaadda ee CHAdeMO si weyn ayaa looga isticmaalaa gudaha Mareykanka sidoo kale, waxaa jira 1344 AC xarun dallaca degdega ah sida ku cad xogtii ugu dambeysay ee Waaxda Tamarta ee Mareykanka.
Faa'iidada: Marka laga reebo khadadka xakamaynta xogta, CHAdeMO waxay u qabataa baska CAN sidii is-gaarsiinta isgaadhsiinta, sababtoo ah awooddeeda sare ee ka-hortagga buuqa iyo awoodda ogaanshaha khaladaadka, waa isgaarsiin deggan iyo isku halleyn sare. Rikoorka badbaadada dallacaadda ee wanaagsan waxa aqoonsaday warshaduhu.
Khasaaro: naqshadda bilowga ah ee awoodda wax-soo-saarka waa 100KW, fiilada dallacadu aad bay u culus tahay, awoodda dhinaca baabuurka waa 50KW oo keliya.
GB/T20234
Shiinuhu wuxuu siidaayay Plugs, Socket-outlets, lammaaneyaasha baabuurta iyo meelaha baabuurta laga galo ee loogu dallaco baabuurta korantada-Shuruudaha guud ee 2006(GB/T20234-2006) 400A DC ku dallacaadda hadda Waxay inta badan ku salaysan tahay heerka Guddiga Farsamada Korantada Caalamiga ah (IEC) ee 2003. Laakiin heerkani ma qeexayo tirada biinanka isku xidha, cabbirka jireed iyo is-dhexgalka ee is-dhexgalka dallacaadda.
In 2011, Shiinaha ayaa sii daayay heerka lagu taliyey GB/T20234-2011, bedelay qaar ka mid ah waxyaabaha ku jira GB/T20234-2006, waxa ay sheegaysaa in danab AC lagu qiimeeyay waa in aan ka badnayn 690V, inta jeer 50Hz, hadda la qiimeeyo waa in aan ka badnayn 250A; Danabka la qiimeeyay ee DC waa in aanu dhaafin 1000V halka hadda la qiimeeyayna aanu dhaafin 400A.
Faa'iidada: Is barbar dhig 2006 Version GB/T, waxay hagaajisay tafaasiil dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan cabbirrada is-sharxinta.
Khasaaro: halbeeggu weli ma dhammaystirna. Waa halbeeg lagu taliyey, ma aha qasab.
Nidaamka Dallacaadda Jiilka Cusub "Chaoji".
2020, Golaha Korantada ee Shiinaha iyo Heshiiska CHAdeMO waxay si wadajir ah u bilaabeen cilmi-baarista waddada horumarinta warshadaha "Chaoji", waxayna siday u kala horreeyaan u sii daayaan Warqadda Cad ee "Chaoji" Farsamada Dallacaadda Waxqabadka ee Gaadiidka Korontada iyo heerka CHAdeMO 3.0.
Nidaamka dallacaadda "Chaoji" wuxuu la jaanqaadi karaa EV-yada da'da weyn iyo kuwa cusub. Waxay samaysay nidaam wareeg ah oo xakameyn iyo hagitaan cusub, oo lagu daray calaamada noodhka adag, marka cilad dhacdo, semaphore-ka waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in si dhakhso ah loogu sheego dhammaadka kale si loo sameeyo jawaab degdeg ah waqtiga si loo hubiyo badbaadada dallacaadda. Samee qaabka badbaadada ee nidaamka oo dhan , Hagaajinta waxqabadka kormeerka dahaarka, qeexday arrimo dhowr ah oo badbaado ah sida I2T, awoodda Y, xulashada korriinka PE, awoodda wareegga gaaban ee ugu badan iyo jebinta fiilada PE. Dhanka kale, dib-u-qiimeyn iyo dib-u-qaabayn lagu sameeyay nidaamka maaraynta kulaylka, waxay soo jeedisay hab tijaabo ah oo lagu dallaco xiriiriyaha.
Interface-ka dallacaadda "Chaoji" wuxuu adeegsadaa naqshadda wejiga dhammaadka 7-pin oo leh koronto ilaa 1000 (1500) V ah iyo ugu badnaan 600A. "Chaoji" Interface-ka dallacaadda waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu yareeyo cabbirka guud, hagaajinta dulqaadka ku habboon iyo hoos u dhig cabbirka korantada si aad u buuxiso shuruudaha badbaadada IPXXB. Isla mar ahaantaana, naqshadeynta hagaha gelinta jirka waxay sii qoto dheereysaa gelinta qoto dheer ee dhamaadka hore ee godka, iyada oo la raacayo shuruudaha ergonomics.
Nidaamka dallacaadda "Chaoji" ma aha oo kaliya interface awood sare leh, laakiin waa qalab nidaamsan oo DC ah oo loogu talagalay EV-yada, oo ay ku jiraan xakamaynta iyo hagida wareegga, nidaamka isgaarsiinta, naqshadeynta iyo waafaqsanaanta qalabka isku xirka, badbaadada nidaamka dallacaadda, maareynta kulaylka ee hoos yimaada xaaladaha awoodda sare, iwm. "Chaoji" nidaamka dallacadu waa mashruuc midaysan oo loogu talagalay adduunka, si isla baabuur koronto ah oo wadamo kala duwan lagu dabaqo nidaamka dallacaadda ee dalalka u dhigma.
Gabagabo
Maalmahan, kala duwanaanshaha noocyada EV dartiis, heerarka qalabka dallacaadda ee lagu dabaqi karo way kala duwan yihiin, hal nooc oo isku xidhaha dallacadu ma buuxin karo dhammaan noocyada. Intaa waxaa dheer, tignoolajiyada baabuurta tamarta cusub ayaa weli ku jirta habka ay u noqdaan kuwo qaan-gaar ah. Saldhigyada dallacaadda iyo nidaamyada isku xirka ee shirkado badan oo soo saara baabuurta ayaa weli wajahaya dhibaatooyinka sida naqshadeynta alaabta aan degganeyn, khataraha badbaadada, dallacaadda aan caadiga ahayn, la'aanta baabuurka iyo saldhigyada, la'aanta heerarka tijaabada iwm. ee codsiga dhabta ah iyo gabowga deegaanka.
Maalmahan, shirkadaha baabuurta sameeya ee adduunka oo dhan waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u ogaadeen in "standard" ay tahay qodobka ugu muhiimsan ee horumarinta EVs. Sanadihii ugu dambeeyay, heerarka dallacaadaha caalamiga ah ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah uga soo wareegay "kala-duwanaanshaha" ilaa "midaynta". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si si dhab ah loo gaaro heerar dallacaad midaysan, marka lagu daro heerarka interface, heerarka isgaarsiinta hadda ayaa sidoo kale loo baahan yahay. Midda hore waxay la xiriirtaa in wadajirku ku habboon yahay iyo in kale, halka kan dambe uu saameynayo haddii furka la tamar siin karo marka la geliyo. Weli waxaa jira waddo dheer oo loo maro ka hor inta aan la dallacin heerarka EVs si buuxda loo habeeyey, baabuurta samaysa iyo dawladuhuna waxay u baahan yihiin inay wax badan sameeyaan si ay u furaan mawqifkooda si ay EV-yadu u sii jiraan muddo dheer. Waxaa la filayaa in Shiinaha hoggaamiye ahaan si kor loogu qaado "Chaoji" heerka tignoolajiyada dallacaadda ee EVs ay door weyn ka ciyaari doonto mustaqbalka.