Mwachiwonekere, BEV ndi chikhalidwe cha makina atsopano amagetsi amagetsi .Popeza kuti nkhani za batri sizingathetsedwe pakanthawi kochepa, malo oyendetsera galimoto ali ndi zida zambiri kuti athetse vuto la eni ake a galimoto. , zimasiyana m'mayiko, wakhala akukumana kale ndi mikangano mwachindunji. Apa, tikufuna kukonza miyezo ya zolumikizira padziko lonse lapansi.
Kombo
Combo imalola kulipira pang'onopang'ono komanso mwachangu, ndiye socket yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe, kuphatikiza Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Daimler, Ford, GM, Porsche, Volkswagen ali ndi mawonekedwe a SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers).
Pa 2ndOctober, 2012, kusintha kwa SAE J1772 komwe kumavoteredwa ndi mamembala oyenerera a komiti ya SAE, kumakhala mulingo wokhawo wovomerezeka wa DC padziko lonse lapansi. Kutengera kusinthidwa kosinthidwa kwa J1772, Combo Connector ndiye muyeso wapakatikati wa DC kuchajisa mwachangu.
Mtundu wam'mbuyomu (wopangidwa mu 2010) wa muyezo uwu udafotokoza za cholumikizira cha J1772 chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakulipiritsa kwa AC. Cholumikizira ichi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chogwirizana ndi Nissan Leaf, Chevrolet Volt ndi Mitsubishi i-MiEV.Pamene Baibulo latsopanoli, kuwonjezera pa kukhala ndi ntchito zonse zakale, ndi zikhomo zina ziwiri, zomwe makamaka za DC kulipira mofulumira, sizingakhale. yogwirizana ndi ma BEV akale opangidwa tsopano.
Ubwino: Phindu lalikulu kwambiri la Combo Connector ndi automaker imangofunika adpat socket imodzi yomwe imatha DC ndi AC, kuthamangitsa ma liwiro awiri osiyana.
Zoyipa: Kuthamangitsa mwachangu kumafunikira potengera potengera kuti apereke mpaka 500 V ndi 200 A.
Tesla
Tesla ili ndi mulingo wake wolipiritsa, womwe umati ukhoza kulipira kuposa 300 KM mu mphindi 30. Choncho, mphamvu pazipita zitsulo nawuza zitsulo akhoza kufika 120kW, ndi pazipita panopa 80A.
Tesla ili ndi masiteshoni 908 apamwamba kwambiri ku US pakadali pano. Kulowa mumsika waku China, Ili ndi ma 7sets Super charging station omwe ali ku Shanghai(3), Beijing(2), Hangzhou(1), Shenzhen(1). Kupatula apo, kuti agwirizane bwino ndi zigawo, Tesla akufuna kusiya kuwongolera miyezo yake yolipiritsa ndikutsatira miyezo yakumaloko, ikutero kale ku China.
Ubwino:ukadaulo wapamwamba wokhala ndi ma charger okwera kwambiri.
Kuipa: Mosiyana ndi mfundo za dziko lililonse, n’kovuta kuonjezera malonda popanda kugonja;
CCS (Combined Charging System)
Ford, General Motors, Chrysler, Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen ndi Porsche adayambitsa "Combined Charging System" mu 2012 pofuna kuyesa kusintha ndondomeko zosokoneza zamadoko. "Combined Charging System" kapena yotchedwa CCS.
CCS imagwirizanitsa malo onse opangira ma charger apano, motere, imatha kulipiritsa gawo limodzi la ac, kuthamangitsa 3 phase ac, kuyitanitsa nyumba yogwiritsira ntchito DC komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kwa DC ndi mawonekedwe amodzi.
Kupatula SAE, ACEA (European Automobile Manufacturers Association) yatengera CCS ngati DC/AC charging mawonekedwe komanso. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku PEV yonse ku Ulaya kuyambira chaka cha 2017. Popeza Germany ndi China zinagwirizanitsa miyezo ya magalimoto amagetsi, China yalowanso m'dongosolo lino, lapereka mwayi wosaneneka wa Chinese EV . ZINORO 1E,Audi A3e-tron, BAIC E150EV, BMW i3, DENZA，Volkswagen E-UP, Changan EADO ndi SMART onse ndi a "CCS" muyezo.
Ubwino : Opanga magalimoto atatu aku Germany: BMW, Daimler ndi Volkswagen - aziwonjezera ndalama zawo ku China EV, miyezo ya CCS ingakhale yopindulitsa ku China.
Kuipa: malonda a EV omwe amathandizidwa ndi CCS ndi ochepa kapena amangobwera pamsika.
CHADEMO
CHAdeMO ndiye chidule cha CHArge de Move, ndiye socket yothandizidwa ndi Nissan ndi Mitsubishi. ChAdeMO yotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chijapani, tanthawuzo ndilo "Kupanga nthawi yolipira kukhala yochepa ngati yopuma tiyi". Soketi iyi ya DC yothamangitsa mwachangu imatha kutulutsa mphamvu yopitilira 50KW.
Ma EV omwe amathandizira mulingo woterewu ndi awa: Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander PEV, Citroen C-ZERO, Peugeot Ion, Citroen Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV truck, Honda FIT EV, Maz DEMIOEV, Subaru Stella PEV, Nissan Eev200 etc. Dziwani kuti Nissan Leaf ndi Mitsubishi i-MiEV onse ali ndi socket ziwiri zosiyana, imodzi ndi J1772 yomwe ndi Combo cholumikizira mu gawo loyamba , winayo ndi CHAdeMO.
Njira yolipiritsa ya CHAdeMO ikuwonetsedwa pansipa chithunzi, chapano chimayang'aniridwa ndi chizindikiro cha basi ya CAN. Ndiko kunena kuti, mukamawunika momwe batire ilili, werengerani zomwe charger ikufuna mu nthawi yeniyeni ndikutumiza zidziwitso ku charger kudzera pa CAN, chojambulira chimalandira kulamula kwamagetsi kuchokera pagalimoto mwachangu, ndikupereka malipoti moyenerera.
Kupyolera mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka batri, chikhalidwe cha batri chimayang'aniridwa pamene yamakono ikuyendetsedwa mu nthawi yeniyeni, yomwe imakwaniritsa bwino ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kuti ziwonongeke mofulumira komanso motetezeka, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kulipira sikuletsedwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa batri. Pali malo opangira 1154 omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amaikidwa malinga ndi CHAdeMO ku Japan. Malo ochajila a CHAdeMO amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ku US komanso, pali ma 1344 AC othamangitsira mwachangu malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka posachedwa kuchokera ku US department of Energy.
Ubwino: Pokhapokha mizere yowongolera deta, CHAdeMO imatenga basi ya CAN ngati mawonekedwe olumikizirana, chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri yotsutsana ndi phokoso komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kozindikira zolakwika, ndi kulumikizana kokhazikika komanso kudalirika kwambiri. Mbiri yake yabwino yolipirira chitetezo yadziwika ndi makampani.
Zoyipa: kapangidwe koyambirira kamagetsi otulutsa ndi 100KW, pulagi yolipiritsa ndiyolemera kwambiri, mphamvu m'mbali mwagalimoto ndi 50KW yokha.
GB/T20234
China idatulutsa mapulagi, ma socket-outlets, ma couplers amagalimoto ndi zolowera zamagalimoto kuti azilipiritsa magalimoto amagetsi-Zofunikira zonse mu 2006(GB/T20234-2006), mulingo uwu umatchula njira yolumikizira mitundu ya 16A,32A,250A 250A AC yolipiritsa pano komanso 400A DC ikuyitanitsa panopa Imatengera muyezo wa International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) mu 2003. Koma muyezo uwu sumatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa zikhomo zolumikizira, kukula kwa thupi ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe olipira.
Mu 2011, China watulutsa analimbikitsa muyezo GB/T20234-2011, m'malo ena nkhani za GB/T20234-2006, limati AC oveteredwa voteji sayenera upambana 690V, pafupipafupi 50Hz, oveteredwa panopa sadzapitirira 250A; Mphamvu yamagetsi ya DC sayenera kupitirira 1000V ndipo yovotera pano siyenera kupitilira 400A.
Ubwino: Yerekezerani ndi 2006 Version GB/T, yawonetsa zambiri zamagawo opangira ma charger.
Zoyipa: muyezo ukadali wosakwanira. Ndi mulingo wovomerezeka, osati wokakamiza.
New Generation "Chaoji" Charging System
Mu 2020, China Electric Power Council ndi Mgwirizano wa CHAdeMO pamodzi adayambitsa kafukufuku wa njira yotukula mafakitale a "Chaoji", ndipo motsatana adatulutsa White Paper pa "Chaoji" Conductive Charging Technology for Electric Vehicles ndi CHAdeMO 3.0 standard.
Njira yolipirira ya "Chaoji" imatha kukhala yogwirizana ndi EV yakale komanso yatsopano. Anapanga dongosolo latsopano lowongolera ndi mayendedwe owongolera, adawonjezera chizindikiro cholimba cha node, cholakwika chikachitika, semaphore imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwitsa malekezero ena kuti ayankhe mwachangu munthawi yake kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha kulipira. Khazikitsani chitsanzo chachitetezo cha dongosolo lonse, Konzani zowunikira zowunikira, fotokozerani zinthu zingapo zachitetezo monga I2T, Y capacitance, kusankha kokondakita wa PE, kuchuluka kwafupipafupi kozungulira ndi kuphulika kwa waya wa PE. Pakadali pano, adawunikanso ndikukonzanso kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe, adakonza njira yoyesera yolumikizira cholumikizira.
"Chaoji" charging mawonekedwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a 7-pin kumapeto kwa nkhope ndi voteji mpaka 1000 (1500) V ndi pakali pano 600A. "Chaoji" charging mawonekedwe apangidwa kuti achepetse kukula konse, kukhathamiritsa kulekerera koyenera komanso chepetsani kukula kwa terminal yamagetsi kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo cha IPXXB. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mapangidwe a kalozera wolowetsa thupi amazama kuya kwa kutsogolo kwa socket, mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za ergonomics.
"Chaoji" charging system sikuti ndi mawonekedwe opangira mphamvu kwambiri, komanso njira zotsatsira ma DC zowongolera ma EVs, kuphatikiza kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera, njira yolumikizirana, kapangidwe kake ndi kugwirizanitsa zida zolumikizira, chitetezo chacharging system, kasamalidwe kamafuta pansi. zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri, etc "Chaoji" charging system ndi ntchito yogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi, kotero kuti galimoto yamagetsi yomweyi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamalipiro a mayiko omwe akugwirizana nawo.
Mapeto
Masiku ano, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mitundu ya EV, zida zolipirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosiyana, mtundu umodzi wolumikizira cholumikizira sungathe kukumana ndi mitundu yonse. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wamagalimoto atsopano amagetsi akadali okhwima. Malo opangira ndalama ndi njira zolumikizirana zamabizinesi ambiri opanga magalimoto akukumanabe ndi mavuto monga kapangidwe kazinthu kosakhazikika, kuwopsa kwa chitetezo, kuyitanitsa kwachilendo, kusagwirizana kwa magalimoto ndi masiteshoni, kusowa kwa miyezo yoyesera etc.
Masiku ano, opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi azindikira pang'onopang'ono kuti "standard" ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa EVs. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mitengo yolipiritsa padziko lonse lapansi yasintha pang'onopang'ono kuchoka ku "mitundu yosiyanasiyana" kupita ku "centralization". Komabe, kuti muthe kukwaniritsa miyezo yolipirira yogwirizana, kuwonjezera pa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, njira zoyankhulirana zamakono zikufunikanso. Choyambiriracho chikugwirizana ndi ngati cholumikizira chikukwanira kapena ayi, pomwe chomalizacho chimakhudza ngati pulagi ikhoza kupatsidwa mphamvu ikayikidwa. Pali njira yayitali yoti ipitirire kuti miyezo yolipiritsa ma EV ikhale yokhazikika, ndipo opanga magalimoto ndi maboma akuyenera kuchita zambiri kuti atsegule malingaliro awo kuti ma EV azikhala nthawi yayitali. Zikuyembekezeka kuti China ngati mtsogoleri wopititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wa "Chaoji" wowongolera ma EVs atenga gawo lalikulu mtsogolo.