A bayyane yake, BEV shine yanayin sabon masana'antar makamashi ta atomatik .Tunda matsalolin baturi ba za a iya warware su cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, wuraren caji suna da kayan aiki da yawa don fitar da motar da ke da damuwa na caji. , dabam daga kasashe , ya riga ya fuskanci halin da ake ciki na rikici kai tsaye. Anan, muna so mu warware ma'auni na haši a duniya.
Combo
Combo yana ba da damar yin caji a hankali da sauri, shi ne soket ɗin da aka fi amfani da shi a Turai, ya haɗa da Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Daimler, Ford, GM, Porsche, Volkswagen suna sanye take da SAE (Ƙungiyoyin Injin Injiniya) na caji.
Na 2ndOktoba ,2012, da SAE J1772 koma wanda aka zaba da dacewa membobin kwamitin SAE, ya zama kawai m DC cajin misali a duniya. Dangane da bugu na J1772 da aka sabunta, Combo Connector shine ainihin ma'auni na caji mai sauri na DC.
Sigar baya (wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin2010) na wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun mahaɗan J1772 da aka yi amfani da shi don cajin AC. An yi amfani da wannan mai haɗawa ko'ina, mai dacewa da Nissan Leaf, Chevrolet Volt da Mitsubishi i-MiEV. Yayin da sabon sigar, ban da samun duk tsoffin ayyuka, tare da ƙarin fil biyu, wanda shine musamman don cajin gaggawa na DC, ba zai iya zama ba. masu jituwa tare da tsoffin BEVs da aka samar yanzu.
Fa'ida: Babban fa'idar Combo Connector shine mai kera motoci kawai yana buƙatar shigar da soket ɗaya wanda ke da ikon duka DC da AC, yin caji a cikin sauri daban-daban guda biyu.
Hasara: Yanayin caji mai sauri yana buƙatar tashar caji don samar da har zuwa 500 V da 200 A.
Tesla
Tesla yana da nasa ma'aunin caji, wanda ke da'awar yana iya cajin fiye da KM 300 a cikin mintuna 30. Saboda haka, matsakaicin ƙarfin cajin soket ɗinsa na iya kaiwa 120kW, kuma matsakaicin matsakaicin 80A na yanzu.
Tesla yana da manyan tashoshin caji guda 908 a Amurka a halin yanzu. Don shiga kasuwar kasar Sin, tana da tashoshin caji 7sets da ke Shanghai (3), Beijing (2), Hangzhou (1), Shenzhen (1). Bugu da ƙari, don inganta haɗin kai tare da yankuna, Tesla yana shirin yin watsi da ikonsa na caji da kuma ɗaukar matakan gida, ya riga ya yi a kasar Sin.
Abvantbuwan amfãni: fasaha mai ci gaba tare da ingantaccen caji mai girma.
Hasara: Sabanin ka'idodin kowace ƙasa, yana da wahala a haɓaka tallace-tallace ba tare da daidaitawa ba; idan aka daidaita, za a rage ƙimar caji. Suna cikin damuwa.
CCS (Haɗin Cajin Tsarin)
Ford, General Motors, Chrysler, Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen da Porsche sun ƙaddamar da "Haɗin Cajin Tsarin" a cikin 2012 a ƙoƙarin canza ƙa'idodin cajin tashar jiragen ruwa. "Haɗin Cajin Tsarin" ko aka sani da CCS.
CCS ta haɗe duk hanyoyin haɗin caji na yanzu, ta wannan hanyar, tana iya cajin cajin lokaci guda ac, caji mai sauri 3 lokaci ac, cajin gidan zama da cajin DC mai sauri tare da dubawa ɗaya.
Ban da SAE, ACEA (Ƙungiyar Masu Kera Motoci ta Turai) ta ɗauki CCS azaman hanyar cajin DC/AC kuma. Ana amfani da shi ga duk PEV a Turai daga shekarar 2017. Tun lokacin da Jamus da China suka haɗu da ƙa'idodin motocin lantarki, Sin ta shiga cikin wannan tsarin kuma, ta ba da damar da ba a taba gani ba ga kasar Sin EV. ZINORO 1E, Audi A3e-tron, BAIC E150EV, BMW i3, DENZA, Volkswagen E-UP, Changan EADO da SMART duk suna cikin ma'auni na "CCS".
Fa'ida: Masu kera motoci na Jamus guda 3: BMW, Daimler da Volkswagen -- za su ƙara saka hannun jari a cikin EV na Sinanci, ƙimar CCS na iya zama mafi amfani ga Sin.
Hasara: tallace-tallace na EV wanda ke goyan bayan ma'aunin CCS ƙananan ne ko kuma kawai ya zo kasuwa.
CHAdeMO
CHAdeMO shine gajartawar CHArge de Move, shine soket ɗin da Nissan da Mitsubishi ke tallafawa. ChAdeMO da aka fassara daga Jafananci, ma'anar ita ce "Yin lokacin caji gajere kamar hutun shayi". Wannan soket na caji mai sauri na DC na iya samar da matsakaicin ƙarfin caji 50KW.
EVs da ke goyan bayan wannan ma'aunin caji sun haɗa da: Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi Outlander PEV, Citroen C-ZERO, Peugeot Ion, Citroen Berlingo, Peugeot Partner, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV, Mitsubishi MINICAB-MiEV truck, Honda FIT EV, Mazda DEMIOEV, Subaru Stella PEV, Nissan Eev200 da dai sauransu Lura cewa Nissan Leaf da Mitsubishi i-MiEV duka biyu ne daban-daban caji soket, daya ne J1772 wato Combo connector a cikin farko part , da sauran daya ne CHAdeMO.
Ana nuna hanyar cajin CHAdeMO kamar yadda hoto na ƙasa, siginar motar CAN ke sarrafa na yanzu. Wato yayin lura da matsayin baturi, ƙididdige halin yanzu da caja ke buƙata a ainihin lokacin kuma aika sanarwa zuwa caja ta hanyar CAN, caja yana karɓar umarnin halin yanzu daga mota da sauri, kuma ya ba da cajin halin yanzu daidai.
Ta hanyar tsarin sarrafa baturi, ana kula da yanayin baturi yayin da ake sarrafa halin yanzu a cikin ainihin lokaci, wanda ke cika cikakken aikin da ake buƙata don caji mai sauri da aminci, kuma yana tabbatar da cewa ba'a iyakance caji ta hanyar ƙarfin baturi ba. Akwai tashar caji guda 1154 da ake amfani da su waɗanda aka girka bisa ga CHAdeMO a Japan. Ana amfani da tashoshin caji na CHAdeMO sosai a cikin Amurka, akwai tashar caji mai sauri AC 1344 bisa ga sabbin bayanai daga Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka.
Fa'ida: Sai dai layukan sarrafa bayanai, CHAdeMO ta ɗauki motar bas ta CAN azaman hanyar sadarwa, saboda mafi girman hayaniyar da ƙarfin gano kuskure, yana da ingantaccen sadarwa da ingantaccen aminci. Masana'antu sun gane rikodin amincin cajinsa mai kyau.
Hasara: na farko zane don fitarwa ikon ne 100KW, da cajin toshe ne sosai nauyi, da ikon a mota gefen ne kawai 50KW.
GB/T20234
Kasar Sin ta fito da Plugs, Socket-kanti, na'urorin haɗin mota da mashigai na abin hawa don cajin motocin lantarki - Gabaɗayan buƙatun a cikin 2006 (GB/T20234-2006) ， wannan ma'aunin yana ƙayyadad da hanyar nau'ikan haɗin kai don 16A,32A,250A AC caji na yanzu kuma 400A DC caji na yanzu Ya dogara ne akan ma'auni na Hukumar Lantarki ta Duniya (IEC) a cikin 2003. Amma wannan ma'auni baya ayyana adadin masu haɗawa, girman jiki da mu'amala don dubawar caji.
A shekarar 2011, kasar Sin ta fitar da shawarar GB/T20234-2011 da aka ba da shawarar, ta maye gurbin wasu abubuwan da ke cikin GB/T20234-2006, ta bayyana cewa karfin wutar lantarki na AC ba zai wuce 690V ba, mitar 50Hz, rated current ba zai wuce 250A ba; Ƙwararren wutar lantarki na DC ba zai wuce 1000V ba kuma ƙididdiga na yanzu bazai wuce 400A ba.
Amfani: Kwatanta da 2006 Version GB/T, ya daidaita ƙarin cikakkun bayanai na sigogin dubawar caji.
Hasara: har yanzu mizanin bai cika ba. Matsayin da aka ba da shawarar, ba dole ba.
Sabon Tsari "Chaoji" Tsarin Cajin
A cikin 2020, Majalisar Wutar Lantarki ta kasar Sin da yarjejeniyar CHAdeMO tare sun kaddamar da bincike kan hanyoyin bunkasa masana'antu na "Chaoji", da bi da bi sun fitar da Farar Takarda kan Fasahar Cajin Canji na "Chaoji" na Motocin Lantarki da ma'aunin CHAdeMO 3.0.
Tsarin caji na "Chaoji" zai iya dacewa da duka tsofaffi da sababbin EV. Ƙirƙirar sabon tsarin kulawa da jagorar kewayawa, ƙara siginar kumburi mai wuya, lokacin da kuskure ya faru, ana iya amfani da semaphore don sanar da sauran ƙarshen da sauri don yin saurin amsawa cikin lokaci don tabbatar da amincin caji. Ƙaddamar da samfurin aminci ga dukan tsarin , Haɓaka aikin saka idanu na rufi, ƙayyade jerin al'amurran tsaro kamar I2T, Y capacitance, zaɓi na PE, matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙarfin kewayawa da PE waya karya. A halin yanzu, an sake kimantawa da sake fasalin tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki, ya ba da shawarar hanyar gwaji don caji mai haɗawa.
Tsarin cajin "Chaoji" yana amfani da ƙirar ƙarshen fuska na 7-pin tare da ƙarfin lantarki har zuwa 1000 (1500) V da matsakaicin halin yanzu na 600A. An tsara ƙirar cajin "Chaoji" don rage girman girman gabaɗaya, haɓaka juriya da dacewa rage girman tashar wutar lantarki don saduwa da buƙatun aminci na IPXXB. A lokaci guda, ƙirar jagorar shigarwa ta jiki yana zurfafa zurfin shigar da ƙarshen gaban soket, daidai da buƙatun ergonomics.
Tsarin caji na "Chaoji" ba kawai babban ƙarfin cajin caji ba ne, amma saiti na tsarin caji na DC don EVs, ciki har da sarrafawa da da'irar jagora, ka'idar sadarwa, ƙira da dacewa da na'urori masu haɗawa, amincin tsarin caji, kula da thermal a ƙarƙashin Tsarin caji mai ƙarfi, da sauransu.” Tsarin cajin Chaoji wani shiri ne na haɗin kai ga duniya, ta yadda za a iya amfani da motar lantarki iri ɗaya a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban akan tsarin caji na ƙasashen da ke daidai.
Kammalawa
A zamanin yau, saboda bambancin samfuran EV, ƙa'idodin kayan aikin caji sun bambanta, nau'in mai haɗa caji guda ɗaya ba zai iya saduwa da kowane samfuri ba. Bugu da kari, fasahar sabbin motocin makamashi na ci gaba da zama balagagge. Tashoshin caji da tsarin haɗin caji na masana'antun kera motoci da yawa har yanzu suna fuskantar matsaloli kamar ƙirar samfur mara ƙarfi, haɗarin aminci, caji mara kyau, rashin jituwa na mota da tashoshi, rashin ƙa'idodin gwaji da sauransu a aikace aikace da tsufa na muhalli.
A zamanin yau, masu kera motoci a duk faɗin duniya sun fahimci a hankali cewa “misali” shine maɓalli don haɓaka EVs. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙa'idodin caji na duniya sun ƙaura sannu a hankali daga "diversification" zuwa "tsararru". Koyaya, don cimma daidaiton ƙa'idodin caji da gaske, ban da ƙa'idodin mu'amala, ana kuma buƙatar matakan sadarwa na yanzu. Na farko yana da alaƙa da ko haɗin gwiwa ya dace ko a'a, yayin da na ƙarshe ya shafi ko za a iya kunna filogi lokacin shigar da shi. Har yanzu da sauran rina a kaba kafin cajin ma'auni na EVs ya kasance cikakke daidaitattun daidaito, kuma masu kera motoci da gwamnatoci suna buƙatar yin ƙari don buɗe matsayinsu don sanya EVs ya daɗe. Ana sa ran kasar Sin a matsayinta na jagora don inganta tsarin fasahar caji na "Chaoji" na EVs zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a nan gaba.